Gossypium barbadense , feem ntau hu ua Pima paj rwb, yog hnub no cultivated nyob rau hauv ntau lub loj paj rwb loj hlob thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov khoom plig no khoom kim heev, muaj nuj nqis heev hauv lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam, tseem yog nyob hauv Northern Peru - qhov chaw uas nws nrhiav tau, thiab qhov chaw nws yog hu ua Peruvian Pima paj rwb.
Ib Thaj Teeb Keeb Kwm ntawm Peruvian Pima Paj Raim
Gossypium barbadense tau muab lub npe hu ua "Pima" paj rwb rau ntawm cov Neeg Qhab Asmeskas Pima neeg thawj zaug uas tau qhib cov paj rwb hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Ntau tus neeg Pima tau ua hauj lwm rau ib qho kev ua liaj ua teb rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm hom kab ntawm paj rwb, cog kev tsim los ntawm United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) thaum ntxov xyoo 1900 hauv Sacaton, Arizona.
Thaum lub npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj nyob rau hauv North America, nws keeb kwm keeb kwm ntseeg tau South American. Cov pov thawj archaeological pom zoo tias Gossypium barbadense yog thawj zaug tua tau hauv cheeb tsam encompassing tus ntug dej hiav txwv thaj tsam sab qaum teb Peru thiab sab qab teb Ecuador. Cov paj rwb uas tau pom hauv Peru tau sau hnub rau li 3100 BC Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov neeg tshawb pom cov paj rwb ntawm lub sij hawm no hauv Huaca Prieta ua rau thaj tsam La Libertad ntawm sab qaum teb Peru, thaj chaw nyob rau thaj tsam hnub no.
Raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cov Chaw Tiv Thaiv Tebchaws Africa (PROTA4U) lub website, "Nyob hauv Peru, cov khoom siv paj rwb los ntawm Gossypium barbadense xws li xov paj, cordage, thiab nuv ntses nets hnub rov tuaj txog txog 2500 BC"
Lub Incas kuj tau txav paj rwb los ntawm Gossypium barbadense genus, rau kev siv rau hauv cov tswv yim thiab kev tsim kho zoo nkauj. Lawv cov paj rwb weaving tshuab thiab qhov zoo ntawm lawv textiles qhuas lub Spanish Conquistadors, tib cov txiv neej uas thaum kawg los ntawm ntau Inca textile-ua cov hom kev kawm yuav tsum poob thaum lub conquest ntawm Peru.
Txoj kev taug kev ntawm Gossypium barbadense tseem ceeb heev. Txawm tias G. barbadense coj nws cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Ecuador thiab Peru, qhov ntau yam tam sim no cultivated hauv Peru yuav yog ib txoj kev npaj nyob hauv teb chaws USA thaum ntxov 1900, uas nws tus kheej tau hla nrog cov ELS paj nruag. Ua ke? Muaj.
Raws li nws stands, lub npe Peruvian Pima paj nruag distinguishes ntau hom Gossypium barbadense ua nyob rau hauv Peru los ntawm lwm hom, xws li American Pima.
Dab tsi ua rau Peruvian Pima paj rwb kom tshwj xeeb?
Paj rwb yog paj rwb - los yog nws? Stephen Yafa, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv paj rwb: lub Biography ntawm ib Revolutionary Fiber , nws qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ib hom ntawm cov paj ntoos fiber ntau. Khoom kim heev paj rwb yog qhov txawv txav ntawm ntau cov phom sij ntawm cov fibers ntev dua, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Yafa zoo li qhov no kom "qhov txawv ntawm lub khob haus dej haus cawv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lub hwj chim Chateau Lafite-Rothschild."
Gossypium barbadense , los yog Pima paj rwb, yog categorized ua Extra Long Staple paj rwb (ELS paj rwb). Pima paj rwb fibers yuav ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv cottons, ib tug fact uas muab Pima paj rwb ib co txawv thiab ntshaw zoo.
Nyob rau hauv 2004, lub US International Trade Commission tsab ntawv ceeb toom hu ua Textiles and Apparel: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntawm Cov Kev Lag Luam Ntawm Cov Neeg Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws rau Tebchaws Meskas tau hais li nram qab no:
"Peru lub pima paj rwb tau qhia tias rivals zoo Egyptian paj rwb thiab yog renowned rau tsis tsuas yog lub siab tshaj plaws-staple paj rwb hauv lub ntiaj teb tab sis kuj rau nws softness uas, raws li qee tus neeg tseev tsim khoom tawm," rivals silk. ""
Lub sijhawm ua ke ntawm softness, lub zog, thiab durability tau nyiaj Pima paj rwb nws lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug khoom kim heev paj rwb. Peruvian harvesting techniques kuj tseem txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom ntawm qhov khoom kawg. Modernization ntawm cov paj ntoo loj hlob muaj tshwm sim pom tseeb hauv Peru, tiam sis ntau Peruvian Pima plantations tseem sau cov paj rwb ntawm tes. Kev ntxuav tes ua rau cov kab mob tsawg dua hauv cov xov paj, muab ib qho los ua kom tiav. Nws tseem yog ib tus txheej txheem ntawm tus phooj ywg zoo dua.
Yuav Pima paj rwb hauv Peru
Niaj hnub no, Peruvian Pima paj rwb yog cultivated feem ntau nyob rau sab qaum teb ntug hiav txwv ntawm Piura thiab Chira, raws li nws tau rau txhiab xyoo.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab av cov neeg mob ntawm no yog zoo meej, nrog rau cov huab cua thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab txias.
Txawm tias qhov zoo thoob ntiaj teb pom zoo Peruvian Pima paj rwb, txawv teb chaws cov neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws tuaj yeem yuav ntau dua (thiab muaj qee yam kev paub txog cov ntaub ntawv) cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Peru cov camelids , feem ntau cov paj ntoo thiab vicuña. Cov khoom ua los ntawm alpaca plaub yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov, coj los ua ib tug classic - thiab arguably clichéd - souvenir.
Ib feem ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv cov chaw no yog vim yog vim kev mus ncig Peruvian tourism. Cov neeg ncig teb chaws tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Peru, mus nto moo zoo xws li Machu Picchu , Cusco, Arequipa thiab Nazca Lines . Comparatively ob peb lub taub hau raws tus qaum teb ntug dej ntawm Peru , thaj av uas Peruvian Pima yog zus.
Tab sis yog tias koj ua lub taub hau sab qaum teb raws li cov hiav txwv kev cai hla ntug saum Lima, khaws qhov muag qhib rau Pima paj rwb cov khoom, xws li T-shirts, dresses thiab cov khoom hnyav ntawm tus menyuam mos. Raws li koj pom ib tus neeg muag khoom muag (thiab tsis yog tus neeg sim muag cov paj rwb li Pima), qhov zoo yuav siab thiab cov nqi ntau tshaj tsim nyog - koj yeej yuav tsis pom tseeb Peruvian Pima cov khoom rau cov nqi zoo ib yam thaum koj tau rov qab tsev.
References:
- Stephen Yafa - Paj Raim: Lub Biography ntawm Revolutionary Fiber , Penguin, 2005
- Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Tuam Tshaj Thoob Ntiaj Teb Cov Lus Tshaj Tawm - Cov ntawv xov xwm thiab Apparel: Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Kev Tawm Tsam Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws rau Tebchaws Asmeskas , 2004
- Oxford ua lag ua luam - Daim ntawv qhia: Peru 2012
- PROTA4U - "Gossypium barbadense L."