Zapotec woolen rugs yog ib qho ntawm cov handicrafts nrov uas yuav los hauv Mexico. Koj yuav pom lawv muag ntawm lub khw thoob plaws hauv Mexico thiab tseem nyob sab nraum lub teb chaws, tab sis qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws mus yuav lawv yog nyob rau hauv Oaxaca, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem mus xyuas hauv tsev cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev siv cov tsev neeg thiab pom tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas tsim los ua cov ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab. Feem ntau ntawm Oaxacan cov ntaub pua tsev thiab tapestries yog ua nyob rau hauv Teotitlan del Valle, ib lub zos nyob ib co 30 km east of Oaxaca City .
Lub zos no muaj li ntawm 5000 leej muaj cai tau txais lub ntiaj teb lub koob meej rau nws cov ntaub pua plag thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Muaj ob peb lwm lub zos uas nyob hauv Oaxaca, xws li Santa Ana del Valle. Cov qhua tuaj rau Oaxaca uas xav mus saib cov khoom ua si thiab cov tsheb yuav khoom yuav tsum mus saib cov zos no kom pom cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg Zapotec cov neeg no hais lus Zapotec thiab Mev, thiab lawv tau saib xyuas lawv cov kev cai thiab cov festivities.
Keeb kwm ntawm Zapotec Weaving
Lub zos ntawm Teotitlan del Valle muaj kev koom tes ntev ntev uas yog hnub rov qab mus rau Prehispanic zaug. Nws paub tias Zapotec cov neeg ntawm Teotitlan them tribute rau lub Aztecs nyob rau hauv woven khoom, tab sis lub weaving ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd txawv heev los ntawm hnub no. Nyob rau hauv Amelikas thaum ub tsis muaj yaj, yog li tsis muaj ntaub yaj; feem ntau ntawm cov weav tau ua ntawm paj rwb. Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev lag luam kuj sib txawv heev, raws li muaj tsis muaj cav ntaiv los yog khawb rau hauv Mesoamerica thaum ub .
Feem ntau cov khoom lag luam tau ua tiav rau ntawm lub nraub qaum ris, uas yog tseem niaj hnub siv qee qhov chaw.
Thaum tuaj txog ntawm cov Neeg Mev, txoj kev hloov pauv kev hloov. Cov Asmelikas coj yaj, yog li cas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub plaub, lub kiv pwg pub kom tau cov ntaub xov los ua kom ntau npaum li sai tau thiab lub pob treadle pub rau tsim cov ntawv loj dua nws tau ua rau ntawm txoj kev nraub qaum ris.
Cov Txheej Txheem
Feem ntau ntawm Zapotec siv cov ntaub pua plag yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub plaub, nrog lub paj rwb, tab sis qee qhov lwm cov fibers kuj siv rau hauv lub sijhawm. Muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb daim uas muaj khoob khoob khoob khoob khawm. Qee cov leeg tau sim nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov plaub rau lawv cov ntaub pua plag, nrog rau cov tswv yim qub.
Lub lej ntawm Teotitlan del Valle muas wool nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Cov yaj yog cov bred siab nyob rau hauv toj siab, nyob hauv Mixteca Alta cheeb tsam, qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tob tob. Lawv ntxuav lub wool nrog lub hauv paus hu ua amole (xab npum los yog soaproot), ib qho tshuaj ntxuav tes uas yog ib qho iab thiab, raws li lub zos kev sib tsoo, ua hauj lwm raws li lub ntuj insecticide, ua kom tsis txhob muaj kab tsuag.
Thaum lub wool yog huv si thiab qhuav, nws yog daim ntawm tes, thiab tom qab ntawd ces spun nrog lub voj voog. Tom qab ntawd nws yog dyed.
Ntuj Dyes
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1970s muaj ib qho rov qab los siv cov xim ntuj kom tuag lub wool. Qee qhov ntawm cov nroj tsuag lawv siv xws li marigolds daj thiab txiv kab ntxwv, lichen rau zaub ntsuab, pecan shells rau xim av, thiab mesquite rau dub. Cov no yog cov lag luam. Cov xim uas tau muag muaj xws li cochineal rau cov liab thiab purples thiab indigo rau xiav.
Cochineal yog qhov tseem ceeb xim.
Nws muab ntau hom tones ntawm cov liab, purples, thiab txiv kab ntxwv. Qhov zas xim no yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm colonial thaum nws raug suav hais tias "liab kub" thiab tau tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe thaum yav tas los tsis muaj kev ruaj khov kho liab qab, yog li nws tau zoo heev. Siv cov xim rau cov khaub ncaws ntawm British tub rog lub "Tsho." Tom qab siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom noj xim. Hauv lub sijhawm colonial, nws tau siv feem ntau rau cov ntaub tuag. Tau txais lub koom txoos zoo nkauj uas yog Oaxaca cov tsev koom txoos xws li Santo Domingo .
Cov qauv tsim
Cov qauv tsim yog raws li Pre-Hispanic qauv, xws li "grecas" geometric qauv ntawm Mitla archaeological site, thiab Zapotec diamond. Muaj ntau yam qauv tsim qauv tshiab, nrog rau kev tsim duab kos duab los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam xws li Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, thiab ntau dua.
Txiav Txim Siab
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav muas Zapotec cov ntaub pua plag, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov zoo ntawm cov kaus mom txawv. Tus nqi yog tsis raws li qhov loj me, tiam sis tseem yog qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov tsim thiab tag nrho qhov zoo ntawm daim. Nws tsis yooj yim yog qhia tias yog ib lub ntaub pua chaw muaj xim dawb los yog khoom cua dyes. Feem ntau, cov khoom cua tsim hluav taws xob tsim ntau cov tawb qis. Cov ntaub pua taw rooj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 20 threads ib nti, tab sis zoo siab tapestries yuav muaj ntau. Qhov ceev nrig ntawm lub luj xyuas kom meej tias lub ntaub pua plag yuav khaws nws cov duab dhau lub sij hawm. Ib lub zoo zoo ntaub pua plag yuav tsum pw ncaj thiab muaj cov npoo ncaj.