Irish Monk, Saint thiab Claim rau Discovery of America
Saint Brendan (nyob rau hauv Irish Bréanainn , hauv Icelandic Brandanus ) ntawm Clonfert nyob rau hauv lub lig thib 5 thiab thaum ntxov thib xyoo pua - thiab nrad ntau tus Irish ntseeg nws tus kheej daim ntawv faj rau koob meej yog lub discovery ntawm America.
Los yog nws?
Nws raug hu ua tus neeg tsav tsheb vim hais txog lub taleas qhia txog nws txoj kev mus rau hauv qhov chaw tsis paub. Uas tau nrog rau ib qho chaw twg rau Tebchaws Asmeskas. Kws ua tau. Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov tseeb keeb kwm qhov tseeb?
Cia peb pom ntawm Brendan thiab nws lub nkoj.
Lub keeb kwm Brendan
Pib nrog ib tug disclaimer - raws li niaj zaus, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb txog Brendan keeb kwm. Tsuas yog cov hnub yug ntawm nws yug thiab kev tuag thiab nyiaj qee zaum muaj qee lub sijhawm hauv nws lub neej tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov poj koob yawg koob. Tus so yog hagiography, xws li "Lub neej ntawm Brendan" thiab "Voyage ntawm Saint Brendan lub Abbot". Ob qho tib si ntau nthuav nyob rau hauv txoj kev lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam nws lub hwj chim ntawm Christianity nyob rau hauv Ireland. Tab sis ob qho tib si tsim raws hnub nyoog tom qab nws tau tso tseg.
Brendan tau yug nyob rau hauv 484, kev lig kev cai muaj qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv los yog tsawg kawg nyob ze ntawm Tralee ( Lub Nroog Kerry ). Kev kawm los ntawm ib tug me nyuam thaum yau los ntawm pawg ntseeg thiab -women, nws tau hais tias nws tau koom nrog Saint Jarlath lub tsev kawm ntawv monastery ntawm Tuam ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm rau xyoo.
Tau tsa tus xib hwb los ntawm Saint Erc nyob hauv thaj chaw 512, Brendan tau mus ua tub txib txoj hauj lwm thiab tau los ua ib lub npe hu ua "Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim ntawm Ireland".
Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm ua tus "Navigator" (thiab "Voyager" los sis, tsis tshua muaj "qhov") - Brendan xaiv lub nkoj uas yog nyob ntawm ntug hiav txwv thiab Islands tuaj (los yog tawm) Ireland. Ua siab tawv nws kuj tau mus rau Scotland, Wales thiab Brittany ... nrhiav tswv yim hauv kev.
Lub sijhawm Brendan tau sib sau ua ke ib pab pawg neeg uas tau koom nrog nws ntawm lub pov thawj los ntawm lub tebchaws "Cov lus cog tseg", lub ntiajteb lub vaj kaj siab, tsis txhob totaub txog qhov kev cog lus ntawm "kev cog lus" nyob rau thaj tsam hnub no cov Yixayee.
Brendan Voyage - Ib qho Irish Tsoos
"Lub Voyage ntawm Saint Brendan" yog tiag tiag ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem - thiab ib feem ntawm ib daim ntawv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv qub Ireland, uas yog " immram ". Kev sau ntawv mus los nrog kev ua yeeb yam hnyav, nkoj thiab nrhiav rau lub ntiaj teb zoo. Zoo li thaj av ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas nyob mus ib txhis, Tooj nOg , feem ntau tau piav raws li ib thaj av sab hnub poob ntawm Ireland, nyob deb deb, txawm dhau ntawm ntug ntiaj teb ..
Lub Irish immram tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nyob rau hauv 7th thiab 8th centuries, thawj versions ntawm Brendan lub voyage tej zaum yuav tau raug kaw thaum lub sij hawm no, conflated nrog lwm cov lus. Uas ua rau nws tsis paub txiav txim qhov twg yog "thawj", qhov twg yog qhov kev ceeb toom thiab cov uas muaj tseeb (ntau dua los yog tsawg dua).
Ib Qho Kev Tshwm Sim Heev ntawm Brendan Voyage
Raws li cov taleas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus, ntawm no yog cov pob txha liab qab: Ntawm no yog cov pob txha liab qab: Brendan teev nrog ib pab pawg ntawm cov thwjtim (tsis tas txhua tus ntawm lawv cov neeg ntseeg) mus nrhiav "The Isle of Blessed" lossis "Land of Promise" vaguely Christianized version ntawm Tir na nOg thiab yuav luag saum ntuj ceeb tsheej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb (los yog lub vaj kaj siab).
Ntawm no voyage ntau adventures tos ... ntawm ntuj phenomena rau mythological beasts. Thiab kev sim siab, kev sim siab txhua lub sijhawm.
Nyob rau hauv Kerry ntug dej hiav txwv (Brunei), Brendan ua ib qho Irish nkoj ntawm tsov rog, npog nws nrog tanned hides thiab, tom qab lub sij hawm ceev ceev ntawm plaub caug hnub, sails tawm mus rau hauv lub hnub poob. Yog vim li cas rau qhov venture no? Tshaj ntawd Saint Barrid tau nyob ntawd, ua li ntawd thiab hais rau lub taleas, yog li ntawd Brendan tau khaus nws thiab.
Txav lawv mus ntawm kob mus rau kob thiab thoob plaws qhov loj kawg nrig ntawm dej. Kev sib tham (sab hauv luag lwm tus) Ethiopian cov dab ntxwg nyoog, cov noog nkauj hu nkauj, cov dej uas tsis muaj hnub nyoog, zoo li dej uas ua raws li muaj hwj chim loj, ntau yam "dej hiav txwv" uas yooj yim tua ib leeg, ib tug griffon, Yudas rau hnub so ntawm ntuj txiag teb tsaus, ib lub tshuam los ntawm ib lub noob zaub tuaj yeem ... txog thaum kawg lawv tuaj txog ntawm "Cov lus cog lus ntawm lub tebchaws", siab-tsib leeg, ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab qhov ntawd yog nws.
Gripping khoom, tab sis tsis raws nraim Nobel nqi zog khoom. Thiab, feem ntau hais lus, ib qho txuas ntxiv mus ua ib tug zoo, Christian lub neej.
Cov Hluas Kev Sib Koom
Qee qhov kev tshwm sim hauv Brendan Voyage tau raug txhais raws li kev piav qhia ntawm qhov chaw tiag. Sib nrug ntawm qhov cuab kev zoo li cov kob pov tseg thaum cov hauj sam teeb ci hluav taws rau nws ... koj tsis ua hluav taws kub hauv av. Tab sis noj cov kob nyob hauv ib haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg tsiv tsaim heev, pov cov nplaim taws ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Qhov no puas yog Iceland, ua tiav nrog cov dej hiav txwv?
Thaum kawg nws yog nyob ntawm seb koj nyeem Brendan Voyage, tsis yog li cas nws yog sau ...
Thiab qhov no yog siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav Amelikas thiab. Uas yog raws li qhov kev xav tias yog tias koj caij sab hnub poob ntawm Ireland qhov chaw nres tsheb tom ntej yog Amelikas. Qhov tseeb yog ... yog tias koj tuav qhov tseeb thiab tsis yog mus rau Greenland, Iceland, Canary Islands, Azores lossis lwm qhov chaw. Nco ntsoov tias tus neeg kawg uas pom Discovering America xav tias nws tau tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb.
Tsuas yog tom qab lub yawg Brendan tau ua tiav tag nrho ntawm cov lus siab, koom nrog xws li tsim nyog ua Ulysses thiab Sinbad, lub tswv yim tuaj txog qhov no peb yeej muaj "ntawv pov thawj" tias Irish yog thawj Europeans mus txog Amelikas. Ib tug tau txhais ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ... tab sis tsis muaj tiag tiag qhov tseeb hauv paus.
Ntawv Pov Thawj Cov Ntawv Muaj - Ntau Hlis
Tus kws tshawb nrhiav British, tus kws sau ntawv thiab sau ntawv Tim Severin (uas tau sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Hector Lynch, uas tau raug ntes ntawm Ireland los ntawm Barbary corsairs) sim rov qab Brendan lub neej nyob hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Xyoo 1976, nws tau txhim tsa Brendan lub nkoj ua ke nrog cov cuab yeej tsoos nkaus xwb, kaum-mais ntev, ua ke ua ke los ntawm cov tawv ntoo tawv thiab khi ua ke tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ntaub nplaum roj.
Tawm txog lub hiav txwv hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1976, Severin thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem "Brendan" mus ncig ntau tshaj li 7,000 kis ntawm tebchaws Ireland mus rau Newfoundland, nrog qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Iceland. Thaum lub caij ua si ntawm Brendan lub voyage, Severin tau sim qhia qhov tseeb-lub neej raws li "legendary" cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub immram . Tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv, tab sis ib tug neeg ncaj ncees.
Qhov no, ua ke nrog qhov tseeb tiag tias Severin tau tswj xyuas "Brendan" rau North America, ua ib qho ntawv pov thawj rau "American Connection" ... txawm tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob pom kev ua pov thawj. Lub nkoj uas siv thaum lub sijhawm ntoj ke mus kawm yog khaws cia rau ntawm Craggaunowen Museum. Rau cov lus piav qhia, nyeem Severin phau ntawv, Brendan Voyage .
Thiab Brendan ... Nyob Qhov Twg?
Nws tseem mus ncig teb chaws, tau tsim ntau lub monasteries thiab thaum kawg tuag hauv 577, nws hnub ua kev lom zem ua rau lub Tsib Hlis 16th. Nws yog feem ntau assumed tias nws yog interred nyob rau hauv Clonfert Cathedral.