Tus Phem Yeej Melting nyob rau sab qaum teb ntug dej hiav txwv
Ib tug ntau ntawm sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg tsim tus ntsuj plig thiab tus kheej ntawm Cleveland. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov uas ua rau lub nroog nthuav nws tus cwj pwm zoo, tsis hais txog cov khoom noj khoom haus, zej zog, thiab kev lis kev cai. Ntawm no yog saib ntawm cov pawg loj uas tau pab ua rau Cleveland niaj hnub no. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Cleveland cov cuab yeej cuab tam, mus saib Cleveland Memory Project.
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Cov Ncig
Cleveland cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tuaj ua tub rog pib tuaj txog rau xyoo pua thaum xyoo 1960, los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm hauv lub voj (steel) mills raws Cuyahoga River thiab cov woolen mills. Nrog rau cov Czechs, lawv tswm nyob rau thaj tsam puag ncig Cuyahoga Valley, ua li cas tam sim no hu ua Slavic Village thiab Newburgh Heights.
Luag tseem hais ib ncig ntawm Slavic Village, thiab cov khw muag khoom noj, xws li lub Xya Roses Deli, muag sausages, pierogi, thiab lwm yam Polish zoo. Lub Zos Slavic Village ua kev zoo siab rau nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam txhua Hnub May nrog lub rooj sib txoos thiab txhua lub yim hli ntuj ntawm Kev Sau Festival. St. Stanislaus lub tsev teev ntuj, founded hauv 1888, yog thawj yam cuam tshuam rau lub zej zog thiab pab txhawb cov neeg tuaj tshiab.
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Cov Italians
Cov neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws tuaj ntawm Ltalis pib nyob hauv Cleveland thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1900, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ces hu ua Ltalis nyob ze ntawm Woodland thiab East 30th Street. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Italian thaum ntxov yog cov zaub mov, cov neeg ua mov noj, thiab cov khw muag khoom noj. Tsawg me ntsis seem ntawm "Ltalis Loj," tab sis cov lag luam zoo li Gallucci thiab Catallano muaj lawv cov hauv paus hniav muaj.
Lub sijhawm xyoo 19th, ib pab pawg neeg Italians tau sib cog lus nyob rau thaj tsam sab qab teb ntawm Euclid, ze Mayfield, uas tseem raug hu ua Me Ltalis. Muaj ntau cov neeg tuaj tshiab no yog lub ntsiab lus uas tau muab cov pov thawj rau ntawm Lake View Cemetery . Niaj hnub no tus Me Nyuam Ltalis tseem khaws cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov thawj tiam neeg Amelikas.03 ntawm 17
Irish
Cov Irish yog ib tus thawj haiv neeg los mus khom hauv Cleveland, kos los ntawm cov hauj lwm tsim los ntawm Ohio-Erie Canal thiab Cleveland docks. Cov thawj haiv neeg Irish tsiv ntawm Whisky Island (hu ua Lorenzo Carter, tsis yog neeg tshiab) nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov mus rau nruab nrab-1820s.
Raws li kev ua hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev dej hiav txwv ua ntau plentiful, ntau pua tus neeg Irish neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws tuaj txog teb chaws Europe, nyob ntawm West Side nyob ze thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm hnub no lub tsev . St. Malachi's, tseem yog Irish pawg ntseeg, yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub zej zog.
Cleveland tseem muaj ntau yam kev nco txog cov neeg thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog Irish, xyoo St. Patrick hnub ua koob tsheej, thiab ntau Irish pubs.04 ntawm 17
Cov Germans
Cov tub ntxhais Asmeslikas thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv Northeast Ohio feem ntau tau los ntawm cov Xeev cov xeev, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tuaj rau Tebchaws Meskas thaum lub sijhawm American Revolution.
Kev tsim kho ntawm Ohio-Erie Canal nyob rau xyoo 1830 tau coj cov neeg ua ntej cov neeg Nyablaj, coob leej uas nyob hauv Tremont niaj hnub no nyob rau ntawm Lorain Street hauv Brooklyn, thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm Superior thiab Central txoj hauv kev sab hnub tuaj. Cov tub ntxhais ntxov German tuaj yeem yog cov kws txawj ntse, cov tub luam, cov kws ua yeeb yam, thiab tailors, ntawm lwm txoj hauj lwm.
Cleveland cov zej zog hauv German tau ploj mus, tab sis lub nroog Yeluxalees qub txeeg qub teg pom ntawm Honsa Market ntawm Lorain, nyob ze ntawm West Side Market, thiab hauv Zion UCC hauv Tremont.
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Lub Slovenes
Lub sijhawm xyoo dhau los, Cleveland tau muaj cov neeg coob tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub tebchaws United States. Teeb mus rau cov hauj lwm hauv steel mills, Slovenes pib mus txog rau xyoo pua 19th, nyob hauv Newburgh cheeb tsam.
Lwm daim ntawv tso npe ntawm Slovenes nrog cheeb tsam St. Clair Avenue (los ntawm East 30th Street mus rau sab hnub tuaj 79th Street) thiab Collinwood zej zog . Tom qab, ntau yam ntawm Slovenian qhov hloov mus rau Euclid, Ohio.
Tuab neeg Clevelanders uas tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm Slovenian xws li Sen. George Voinovich thiab polka lub hnub qub Frankie Yankovic. Ib pawg me me, tiam sis tseem nyob hauv Slovenian tseem nyob hauv Cleveland.
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Suav
Cleveland Suav cuab yeej cuab tam stems los ntawm ib tug me me tab sis ze-knit pawg ntawm Cantonese uas nyob rau hauv ze ze pej xeem Square nyob rau hauv lub lig 1860s. Cov neeg suav thaum ntxov suav tau ua cov tswv lag luam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Thaum hauv plawv nroog Cleveland loj hlob tuaj, lub zej zog no tau mus rau sab hnub tuaj, ua ntej thaj tsam ntawm East 55th Street thiab Euclid Avenue thiab xyoo 1930 mus rau Cleveland Chinatown ( tam sim no Asiatown ), ntawm Rockwell thiab East 24th Street.
Lub xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s tau coj kev yoojyim rau cov neeg yawg Suav, uas tau kos rau Cleveland cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov haujlwm hauv engineering thiab technology.
Hnub no, Cleveland Asiatown muaj cov khw nojmov ntawm Suav-Asmeskas thiab cov khw muag cov khw muag khoom noj haus thiab tab tom muaj dua ib qho chaw nyob ua ke.
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Tus Czechs
Cov Czechs yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws thiab tus hlob ntawm Cleveland pawg haiv neeg. Cov neeg tuaj txawv tebchaw no, tau ua los ntawm Bohemians, Moravians, thiab Silesian, pib tuaj txog rau xyoo 1900. Thaum ntxov Czechs nyob rau hauv ib seem ntawm lub nkoj hnub no hu ua lub Flats.
Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg tuaj nkag tau tsiv tawm ntxiv los ntawm lub nroog uas lawv muaj peev xwm muaj thaj av av cog qoob loo, nyob ib ncig ntawm Broadway thiab Fleet Avenue thiab nyob ze ntawm West 41st Street thiab Clark Avenue.
Tag nrho ob qho ntawm cov chaw no tseem muaj zog, cov neeg tsawg-Czech pejxeem. Czech kab lis kev cai tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg, xws li St. John Napomocene rau Fleet Avenue thiab Karlin Hall social club, kuj nyob hauv lub zos Slavic Village.08 ntawm 17
Cov Ukrainians
Cleveland thawj Ukrainian neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws pib mus txog rau thaj tsam ntawm nruab nrab-1870s, nyob hauv thaj chaw Tremont feem ntau. Tom qab tsis muaj cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj rau Cleveland ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II thiab tom qab kev tawg rog ntawm Soviet Union. Cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj tshiab tau tsim ib qho chaw nyob ntawm Parma nyob hauv Parma, tsuas yog sab qab teb ntawm Cleveland.
Cov koom txoos no muaj peb hom xov tooj cua thiab peb daim ntawv xov xwm hauv Ukrainian thiab Lub Tsev Khoos Kas Rau Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kenilworth Avenue hauv Tremont. Qee thaj tsam pawg ntseeg tuav cov kev pabcuam hauv Ukrainian; cov no suav nrog Sts. Peter thiab Paul nyob rau hauv Tremont thiab St. Josaphat nyob rau hauv Parma.
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Cov Hungary
Nyob rau xyoo 20th, Cleveland tau muaj feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Hungary nyob sab nraum Hungary. Pib xyoo 1870, cov qhab nias ntawm cov neeg tuaj hauv tebchaws Meskas tau mus rau Northeast Ohio los ua haujlwm hauv lub chaw ua lag luam thiab cov khw muag khoom hauv cov cheeb tsam. Ntau cov neeg zejzos Hungary tau tsim, ob qhov loj tshaj plaws uas nyob ib ncig ntawm East 79th Street thiab Woodland Avenue thiab nrog txoj kev Buckeye.
Cov xwm txheej tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II thiab 1956 Lub Xeev Tsib Hlis no tau ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog tuaj.
Niaj hnub no, Cleveland lub Hungarian kab lis kev cai yog pom hauv lub vaj Hungarian los ntawm Cleveland Cultural Gardens, ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Hungarian Cuab Yeej, thiab cov khw nojmov xws li Balaton nyob Shaker Square (thawj hauv Buckeye Road).10 ntawm 17
Neeg Asmeskas Dub-Lub Zej Zog
Cleveland cov cuab yeej cuab tam dub yog luag laus li lub nroog xwb. Thawj cov neeg Asmeskas Dub, George Peake tuaj txog Cleveland nyob rau xyoo 1809, tsuas yog 13 xyoos tom qab Mauxes Cleaveland tau tsim tsa lub nroog nyob rau hauv 1796. Txij thaum ntawd los ntawm Cleveland cov neeg Asmelikas-American cov pej xeem tau ua ib feem tseem ceeb hauv nroog txoj kev loj hlob. Lawv muaj xws li Carl Stokes , lub nroog tus thawj African-American tus kav nroog.
Cleveland cov pejxeem dub tuaj txog hauv ob lub voj, uas feem ntau tuaj ntawm Asmeskas Qab Teb. Thawj nthwv dej los ntawm 1890 txog 1915 thiab tau teeb tsa feem ntau ntawm Central Avenue, nruab nrab ntawm plawv nroog thiab East 40th Street. Tom qab ntawd, txij thaum xyoo 1940 thiab 1960, qhov thib ob yoj ntawm African-Americans tuaj txog, yog ib feem ntawm Kev Tshaj Lij Loj.
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Tus Kauslim
Cleveland tsawg tsawg tus Kauslim Teb tuaj pib tuaj rau Northeast Ohio thaum kawg ntawm Kauslim Kev Tsov Rog nyob rau xyoo 1953. Muaj ntau tus neeg Kauslim tuaj txog txij thaum xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s. Cov tuaj tshiab no yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov kws kho mob, thiab cov engineers.
Txij li thaum Cleveland pawg neeg Kauslim teb tuaj txog, maj, lawv nyob thoob plaws hauv nroog, tsis yog hauv ib cheeb tsam ze. Kauslim kab lis kev cai yog pom nyob rau hauv Kauslim-American pawg ntseeg nyob rau hauv nroog, nrog rau St. Andrew Kim Kauslim Catholic lub Koom Txoos nyob hauv Tremont.
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Cov Croatians
Croatia yog thaj av Slavic qab teb ntawm teb chaws Europe, thaj chaw thoob plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xyoo pua 20th. Thaum lub sij hawm xyoo 1990, Cleveland tau muaj plaub pawg neeg coob hauv Croatian hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Cov neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws pib tuaj txog rau xyoo 1860, nrog lub Slovenes ncig St. Clair Avenue, los ntawm East Ninth mus rau sab hnub tuaj taug txoj kev 79th Street. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Nyaslaj thaum ntxov tsis tau paub txog cov neeg ua haujlwm uas pom cov haujlwm hauv cov mills thiab cov khw muag khoom.
Ib nthwv dej ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj lij Croatians tuaj txog tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb II, khiav tawm hauv Yugoslavia txoj cai.
Niaj hnub no, Croatian kab lis kev cai yog pom nyob rau hauv qhov tshiab ua hauv Croatian National Tsev hauv Eastlake thiab pawg ntseeg, xws li St. Nicholas, ntawm Superior Avenue.
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Cov Greeks
Cleveland Greek lub zej zog yog ib qho me me tiam sis zoo ib yam. Cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj tim Nkij teb chaws pib tuaj rau hauv Cleveland hauv xyoo 1880, nyob hauv Bolivar thiab Ontario cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam hu ua Gateway.
Tom qab ntawd, tuaj txog ntawm xyoo 20th thaum nyob hauv Tremont thiab nrhiav tau lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation, uas tseem niaj hnub tseem vam meej.
Ntau cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj ua cov tswv lagluam, qhib kasfes, qe tsho, khw muag khoom, thiab khoom noj me me. Ntau cov tuam txhab lag luam tseem yog cov uas muaj los ntawm cov neeg Greek.
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Cov neeg Litiv
Raws li nrog rau lwm sab hnub tuaj hauv pawg neeg Asmeskas, thawj thawj yoj ntawm Lithuanian neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws tuaj txog Northeast Ohio thaum xyoo 19th lig, kos duab los ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov kev ntxov ntxov no tau tswm ntawm St. Clair Avenue, ntawm Rockwell mus rau sab hnub tuaj 71st Street. Lawv pawg ntseeg, St. George lub Koom Txoos Lithuanian nyob rau sab hnub tuaj 67th Street thiab Superior Avenue, tau tsim los rau xyoo 1895 thiab tseem muaj sia nyob.
Qhov thib ob nthwv dej ntawm Lithuanian cov neeg tawg rog tau tuaj nyob rau hauv Cleveland nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb Tsov Rog II raws li Soviet Union muab tso tawm lawv teb chaws. Cov arrivals tsim tau ib lub zej zog ncig East 185th St
Niaj hnub no, Lithuanian kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm lub xyoo E. 185th Street Success thiab nyob rau hauv Lithuanian sau ntawm Kent State University.
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Lub Puerto Ricans
Puerto Ricans tsim muaj feem ntau, kwv yees li 85 feem pua, ntawm Cleveland lub zos Hispanic. Pawg no tau pib los ntawm North Coast ntawm 1945 thiab qhov chaw tsiv mus ntxiv txog 1965; lawv tau recruited mus ua hauj lwm hauv cheeb tsam lub factories thiab greenhouses. Thaum nyuam qhuav pib los ntawm Cleveland lub sab hnub tuaj, nyob ze Hough, Lexington, thiab cov chav Superior.
Thaum xyoo 1950, Cleveland lub zos Puerto Rican tau txav mus rau lub zos sab hnub poob, ncig thaj tsam tsib Fifth mus rau sab hnub poob 65th Street, ntawm Detroit Road thiab Clark Avenue. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov neeg ntawm Puerto Rican descent tseem hu lub cheeb tsam no lub tsev.
Niaj hnub no, Cleveland tus Puerto Rican kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem raug pom hauv ntau cov khw nojmov Hispanic rau sab hnub poob thiab lub Puerto Rican Festival, muaj txhua lub yim hli ntuj.
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Nyab laj
Cleveland ntau tshaj 2,000 cov neeg Nyab laj tuaj yeem pib tuaj rau Northeast Ohio tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg ntawm Saigon rau lub Plaub Hlis 30, 1975, qhov kev tshwm sim uas cim lub koom haum Nyab Laj thiab xaus rau kev nyab xeeb South Vietnam. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws nyob hauv Detroit / Shoreway neighborhood, nrog rau Madison, Franklin, thiab Detroit.
Niaj hnub no, Cleveland cov cuab yeej cuab tam yuav pom nyob hauv St. Stephen lub Koom Txoos ntawm West 54th Street, ntawm kev ua koob tsheej txhua xyoo hauv lub Ob Hlis, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau lub khw nojmov hauv zos, xws li # 1 Pho.
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Cov koom haum Asmeskas
Cov neeg tuaj nyob sab hnub tuaj pib tuaj rau hauv Cleveland thaum xyoo 1895, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv thaj tsam uas tau coj mus rau World War I. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas thaum ntxov tau los ntawm Greater Syria (ib lub teb chaws uas muaj hnub no lub Lebanon) thiab ntau ntawm cov Arab lub ntiaj teb, yog cov ntseeg. Cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws no nyob ntawm Bolivar Avenue hauv plawv nroog Cleveland thiab hauv Tremont.
Qhov thib ob yoj ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tuaj txog rau hauv Cleveland tom qab nrhiav ntawm cov neeg Ixayees nyob rau hauv 1948, thiab cov neeg tsiv cov neeg feem ntau hloov mus Palestinians.
Hnub no, lub nroog Asmeskas cov cuab yeej cuab tam yuav pom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nyob ib ncig ntawm West Side Market thiab hauv pawg ntseeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog St. Maron tus nyob rau Carnegie thiab St. George Antiochian Orthodox lub Koom Txoos hauv Tremont.