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Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Bhubaneshwar Temples
Tuam tsev thiab pov thawj hauv Bhubaneshwar. Soreau / Getty Images Bhubaneshwar, Odisha lub peev thiab ib lub xeev qhov chaw mus ncig tebchaws sab nraud , yog lub npe ua lub nroog ntawm cov tuam tsev - tom qab tag nrho, muaj ntau tshaj 700 ntawm lawv! Feem ntau ntawm cov tuam tsev no tau mob siab rau tus Tswv Shiva thiab keeb kwm qhia txog vim li cas.
Lub npe Bhubaneshwar los ntawm Shiva lub Sanskrit lub npe, Tribhubaneswar, lub ntsiab lus "Tus Tswv ntawm Peb Worlds". Cov Vajluskub qub Hindu hais tias Bhubaneshwar yog ib tus Tswv Shiva nyiam qhov chaw, qhov uas nws nyiam siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev loj hlob hauv cov ntoo loj. Ntxiv mus, ntau lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Bhubaneshwar tau tsim los ntawm lub 8th-12th centuries AD, thaum lub sij hawm uas Saivism (kev teev hawm ntawm tswv Shiva) dominated qhov kev cai dab qhuas scene.
Feem ntau ntawm cov tuam tsev nyob hauv Odisha, thiab Bhubaneshwar, yog tsim kho vaj tse uas yog ib hom qauv ntawm Nagara style ntawm cov tuam tsev sab qaum teb. Nws yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov npe hu ua rekha (lub sanctum nrog curvilinear spire) thiab pidha (square front lawn nrog pyramidal ru tsev). Txoj kev tsim no feem ntau yog txuam nrog Shiva, Surya, thiab Vishnu cov tuam tsev.
Lub tuam tsev ntawm cov hom tuam tsev tseem nyob ze li ntawm ib txhiab xyoo nyob rau hauv Odisha, txij 6th-7th centuries AD rau 15th-16th centuries AD. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Bhubaneswar, lub qub peev ntawm Kalaja teb chaws Ottoman, qhov chaw uas nws coj qhov chaw tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev hloov ntawm kev txiav txim dynasties thiab lawv cov affiliations.
Lub yees, hnyav ncawv sculptured spiers ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Bhubaneshwar yog heev astounding. Nws lub siab xav txog kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau hauv kev tsim lawv thiab lawv cov theem pib ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Nyeem rau mus nrhiav tsib temples uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mus xyuas.
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Lingraj tuam tsev
Lingraj tuam tsev complex, Bhubaneshwar. Frederic Sultan / Getty Dluab Ua: 11th Century AD
Lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj Lingraj (tus vaj ntxwv ntawm lingas , lub cim ntawm Lord Shiva tus phallic) yog qhov kawg ntawm cov evolution ntawm architecture tuam tsev hauv Odisha. Nws spire yog ib ncig ntawm 180 taws siab. Muaj ntau tshaj 64 lub me me hauv cov tuam tsev lub tuam tsev cov kab dej. Lawv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nrog sculptures ntawm vajtswv thiab vajtswv poj niam, vaj ntxwv thiab huab tais, seev cev ntxhais, neeg tua tsiaj, thiab musicians.
Hmoov tsis, tsis-Hindus yuav tsis muaj peev xwm pom tag nrho cov no tab tom nyob ze. Tsuas yog Hindus raug tso cai nkag mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev txoj hauv kev (thiab tsuas yog cov Hindus uas saib Hindu txaus).
Tsis yog-Hindus tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tuam tsev txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev deb. Muaj ib qhov chaw saib kev ncig mus rau sab xis ntawm lub ntsiab nkag. Nco ntsoov: nws yog qhov koj yuav tau txais los ntawm ib tug neeg pub dawb, thov kom nws mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Nws yuav tsis yog, yog li xyuas kom tseeb tias koj tsis muab nyiaj. (Thaum kuv mus xyuas, kuv tau mus txog ntawm ib tug txiv leej tub hais tias nws yog tus pov thawj ntawm lub tuam tsev, nws tau haus dej cawv thiab kuv phau ntawv qhia tias nws yuav siv nyiaj mus yuav ntxiv).
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Mukteshwar tuam tsev
Mukteshwar Tuam Tsev, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha. Sharell Cook Ua: 10th Century AD
Taug kev 34 feet siab, lub tuam tsev Mukteshwar yog ib lub tuam tsev me tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau hauv Bhubaneshwar. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nto moo rau nws lub pob zeb zoo nkauj heev, thiab qab nthab nrog yim xiab petus hauv nws lub qab khav. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov duab (xws li tsov rog taub hau motif) tshwm rau thawj zaug hauv lub tuam tsev architecture.
Lub tuam tsev lub npe, Mukteshwar, txhais tau tias "Tus Tswv uas pub ywj siab los ntawm yoga". Koj tuaj yeem pom cov kev qhia hauv ntau txoj kev sib kho nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev, nrog rau cov duab los ntawm Hindu mythology, cov pej xeem cov lus ntawm Panchatantra (tsib phau ntawv ntawm cov lus tsiaj), thiab Jain munis (monks / nuns).
Sim thiab ntes Mukteshwar Dance Success , uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tuam tsev thaj tsam thaum lub Ib Hlis Ntuj txhua xyoo.
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Brahmeshwar tuam tsev
Amit Rawat / Flickr / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Ua: 11th Century AD
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Lingraj, lub tuam tsev Brahmeshwar tau tsim los ntawm tus vaj ntxwv uas kav lub neej ntawm kev qhuas Vajtswv lub npe Brahmeshwar (ib daim ntawv ntawm Lord Shiva). Nws yog kwv yees li 60 feet siab. Cov kab hluav taws xob tau siv hauv lub tuam tsev txoj kev tsim kho thawj zaug. Ntxiv mus, lwm thawj hauv lub tuam tsev iconography yog cov nkauj thiab seev cev uas tshwm sim hauv lub tuam tsev cov phab ntsa.
Lwm yam tshaj li ntawd, Brahmeshwar siv sijhawm me ntsis ntawm nws cov qauv tsim los ntawm lub tuam tsev Mukteshwar dhau los. Nws qab da dej kuj muaj lub qab nthab nrog cov qhaus, thiab muaj plentiful tsov ntxhuav lub taub hau motifs (uas tshwm rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob hauv lub tuam tsev Mukteshwar) ntawm nws cov phab ntsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, zoo li lub tuam tsev Rajarani, muaj ntau yam khoom ua si ntawm erotic couples thiab voluptuous damsels.
Lub tuam tsev sab nrauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau cov vajtswv thiab vajtswv nkauj, kev cai dab qhuas, thiab ntau yam tsiaj thiab noog. Muaj ntau cov duab zoo nkauj nyob rau sab hnub poob. Shiva thiab lwm yam kev ntseeg yog cov duab ntawm lawv txoj kev ntshai.
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Rajarani tuam tsev
Kim Steele / Getty Images Ua: 10th Century AD
Lub Rajarani lub tuam tsev yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov tsis muaj kev sib txuam nrog nws. Muaj ib zaj dab neeg uas lub tuam tsev yog ib qho chaw zoo nkauj ntawm Oriya huab tais thiab poj huab tais (raja thiab rani). Txawm li cas los, ntau qhov tseeb, lub tuam tsev tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm ntau hom sandstone siv los ua nws.
Lub tuam tsev ntawm lub tuam tsev yog tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, nrog ntau cov duab thaij duab (erotic sculptures). Qhov no feem ntau ua rau lub tuam tsev raug hu ua Khajuraho ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Ib qho ntawm lub tuam tsev txoj kev tawm dag zog yog cov koog me me ntawm cov pob txha me me. Lub tuam tsev thaj chaw muaj lub siab dav thiab lub cev zoo yog qhov chaw yoojyim kom muaj kev txaus siab yog tias koj xav tau so ntawm kev mus ncig xyuas.
Muaj ib qho nqi nkag ntawm 15 rupees rau Isdias Asmeslivkas thiab 200 rupees rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 yog dawb xwb.
Sim thiab ntes lub Rajarani Music Festival , uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tuam tsev thaj tsam thaum lub Ib Hlis txhua xyoo.
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Yogini tuam tsev
Hauv lub tuam tsev 64 Yogini. Sharell Cook Ua: 9th-Century AD
Thaum lub tuam tsev 64 Yogini nyob hauv Hirapur, ib ncig ntawm 15 mais sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj ntawm Bhubaneshwar, nws tsim nyog tsim kev sib zog mus xyuas nws. Dab tsi ua rau lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb no yog tias nws yog ib qho ntawm plaub lub tuam tsev yogini hauv Is Nrias teb tshwj xeeb rau cov kev pabcuam esoteric ntawm tantra. Nws yog shrouded nyob rau hauv tsis paub thiab ntau neeg hauv zos yog ntshai ntawm nws - thiab nws tsis nyuaj rau xav txog yog vim li cas.
Lub tuam tsev muaj 64 lub pob zeb yog yog cov tim khawv uas ua rau hauv cov phab ntsa, uas piv txog 64 cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua si hauv lub ntiaj teb uas tsim los haus cov ntshav ntawm cov ntsujplig phem. Lub yogini cult ntseeg tias worshiping lub 64 vajtswv poj niam thiab tus vajtswv poj niam Bhairavi yuav muab lawv supernatural powers.
Interestingly, lub tuam tsev tsis muaj lub ru tsev. Lus dab neeg muaj nws tias nws yog vim cov yog goddesses yuav ya tawm thiab ncig ncig lub ntuj.
Lub tantric rituals ib zaug ntseeg tau raug siv hauv lub tuam tsev tsis muaj qhov chaw lawm. Tam sim no, tus thawj coj deev yog ib tug vajtswv poj niam hu ua Mahamaya. Nws thiab cov yoginis yog worshiped nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vajtswv poj niam Durga thaum Dussehra thiab Basanti Puja.
Sim ua thiab mus xyuas lub tuam tsev thaum ntxov thaum sawv ntxov, thaum pos huab muab nws qhov kev xav hauv ethereal, los yog thaum hnub poob thaum lub isinis yog xim liab los ntawm lub teeb thiab tshwm sim tuaj ciaj sia. Lub zos muaj kev thaj yeeb ntawm thaj chaw ntxiv rau qhov chaw ua si.