3 Dawb huv Odisha Buddhist Cov Chaw thiab Chaw Ntxhais Chaw

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Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Haujsam Cov Chaw hauv Odisha

Koj yuav raug zam txim rau qhov tsis paub txog qhov chaw dawb huv hauv Orissa (Odisha). Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tsuas yog raug pom yav dhau los thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Tsis tau, ntau dua 200 chaw hauj sam, khiav ri thoob plaws qhov dav thiab qhov dav ntawm lub xeev, tau qhia los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm archeological. Lawv pom tias qhov kev suav ntawm Buddhism nyob rau hauv Odisha txij thaum xyoo 6th BC mus txog tsawg kawg ntawm cov Xibhwb 15th-16th AD, nrog rau cov tiam 8th-10th yog lub sijhawm uas nws tau muaj kev vam meej. Cov xibfwb qhia ntawv ntawm txhua pawg (suav nrog Hinayana, Mahayana, Tantayana thiab cov vaj tse xws li Vajrayana, Kalacakrayana thiab Sahajayana) yog ntseeg tias tau ua nyob rau hauv Odisha, muab lub xeev nplua nuj tam li qub.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov Buddhist tseem nyob ntawm peb qhov chaw - Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, thiab Lalitagiri - raug xa mus rau "Diamond Triangle". Cov chaw no muaj xws li hauv cov tsev teev ntuj, cov tuam tsev, cov thaj neeb, cov stupas, thiab cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov hauj sam. Lawv qhov chaw nyob, cov toj roob hauv av thiab cov chaw khoob khoob loj, yog ob qho zoo nkauj thiab muaj kev thaj yeeb.

Odisha Tourism tau siv ob lub xyoos dhau los tsim cov neeg mus ncig xyuas cov chaw ncig ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb no, uas tam sim no yog ib qho chaw ncig tebchaws tuaj mus ncig hauv Odisha.

Yuav ua li cas zoo mus ntsib Odisha tus tseem ceeb Buddhist chaw?

Odisha lub "Pob Zeb Daim duab peb sab" ntawm cov chaw hauv Haujsam (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, thiab Lalitagiri) nyob hauv Assia toj, ib ncig ntawm ob teev ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Bhubaneshwar. Qhov ze tshav dav hlau yog nyob rau hauv Bhubaneshwar thaum lub chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau nyob ze Cuttack.

Indian Railway tus tshwj xeeb Mahaparinirvan Express Buddhist Tourist Train tau pib xws li Odisha cov Haujsam qhov chaw hauv nws txoj kev qhia ntawv, tab sis qhov no yog hmoov tsis tau txiav vim tias tsis muaj kev nce qib. Swosti Travels yog tus pabcuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev pabcuam taug kev hauv Odisha thiab tuaj yeem saib xyuas txhua yam kev npaj, nrog rau kev tsheb ntiav.

Cov neeg uas xav tuaj saib xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem nyob hauv Toshali tsev so ntawm Ratnagiri (qhib rau lub Plaub Hlis 2013). Nws yog nyob ntawm thaj chaw Archeological Museum thiab ze ze ntawm Ratnagiri tus hauj sam attractions. Udayagiri yog nyob rau hauv 10 km ntawm tsav tsheb ntawm Ratnagiri, thaum Lalitagiri yog kwv yees li 20 kis lus mev.

Thaum twg thiaj zoo tshaj plaws mus xyuas?

Lub zog txias txij lub 10 hli ntuj mus rau lub Peb Hlis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txwv tsis pub, huab cua tau kub heev thaum lub Plaub Hlis thiab Lub Tsib Hlis ua ntej pib ntawm lub monsoon.

Nyeem kom paub ntau ntxiv txog Odisha lub peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsev hauj sam.

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Ratnagiri

Ratnagiri, "Hill of Jewels", muaj cov neeg tawg rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv Odisha thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau ntawm qhov chaw saibxyuas - ob qho tib si rau nws cov duab zoo nkauj thiab ua qhov chaw rau cov xibfwb qhia. Ib tug ntawm cov thawj koom txoos University hauv lub ntiaj teb, sib tw ua yeeb yam hauv Nalanda (hauv Bihar xeev), ntseeg tias tau nyob hauv Ratnagiri.

Lub tsev hauj sam hauv Ratnagiri hnub rov qab rau xyoo pua 6 txog AD. Nws pom tias kev xyuam xim tsis muaj kev ntseeg tau mus txog rau tiam 12th century AD. Thaum pib, nws yog ib qho chaw rau Mahayana tug hauj sam. Lub sijhawm thaum AD 8 thiab 9, nws tau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau Tantik Buddhism. Tom qab, nws ua si lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kalachakra Tantra.

Qhov chaw Ratnagiri tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1905. Tshaj tawm ntawm xyoo 1958 mus txog 1961 qhia tias muaj neeg coob heev, ob lub monasteries, cov thaj chaw, ntau tus neeg pov npav (cov pom ua ntau yam li xya pua ntawm lawv!), Coob tus tua tsiaj thiab pob zeb sculptures, architectural fragments, thiab cov hauj sam keeb kwm qub qub uas suav nrog tooj liab, tooj liab thiab tooj dag (muaj qee cov dluab ntawm Buddha).

Lub monastery hu ua Monastery 1, tsim nyob rau hauv 8th-9th centuries AD, yog cov loj tshaj excavated monastery nyob Odisha. Nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qhov rooj loj tuaj ua rau 24 lub qe paj hlwb. Muaj kuj yog ib qho chaw ua tus tsim duab puab, flanked los ntawm Padmapani thiab Vajrapani, nyob rau hauv central sanctum.

Qhov loj heev pob zeb sculptures ntawm tus Tswv Buddha lub taub hau ntawm Ratnagiri yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog awe-inspiring. Ntau tshaj ob lub taub hau ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg, magnificently depicting serene meditative qhia ntawm Buddha, tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations. Lawv suav tias yog kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Ntau cov duab zeb ntau heev tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tam sim no tshwm nyob rau hauv plaub lub qhov ntawm Archaeological Museum nyob rau hauv Ratnagiri. Nws qhib txhua hnub ntawm 10 sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj, tshwj tsis yog rau hnub Friday.

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Udayagiri

Udayagiri, "Sunrise Hill", yog lub tsev mus rau ib pawg loj loj hauv Odisha. Nws muaj ib lub cib txiv ntoo, ob lub txiv kab ntxwv, ib lub pob zeb zoo dua nrog cov ntawv sau rau nws, thiab ntau pob zeb txiav cov duab sculptures.

Udayagiri lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab rov los txog rau xyoo 1st-13th centuries AD. Txawm hais tias nws tau pom nyob rau hauv 1870, kev tshawb nrhiav ua tsis tau pib kom txog thaum 1985. Lawv twb tau ua tiav ob theem nyob ib ncig ntawm 200 meters nrug - Udayagiri 1 los ntawm 1985 mus rau 1989, thiab Udayagiri 2 ntawm 1997 mus rau 2003. Cov seem qhia tias qhov kev txiav txim raug hu ua "Madhavapura Mahavihara" thiab "Simhaprastha Mahavihara", sib fwm.

Lub stupa ntawm Udayagiri 1 muaj plaub tus ncej zeb ntawm tus tswv Buddha, enshrined thiab tig rau txhua lub tsheb. Lub monastery muaj kuj impressive, nrog 18 hlwb thiab ib thaj neeb chamber uas muaj ib tug intricately carved ornamental facade. Cov kev ua qoob loo ua ntau yam hauj sam thiab cov duab zeb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv Vaj Tswv thiab.

Ntawm Udayagiri 2, nws muaj ntau txoj hauv kev nrog 13 lub hlwb thiab ib tus pej thuam towering ntawm Buddha, zaum hauv bhumisparsa mudra . Lub vaulted arches yog ib lub vaj tse pob zeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 8th-9th. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb txog qhov kev teeb tsa no yog txoj kev ncig ntawm nws lub thaj, uas tsis muaj nyob hauv lwm qhov chaw hauv Nroog Odisha.

Lwm attraction ntawm Udayagiri yog gallery ntawm tug hauj sam pob zeb-txiav dluab, overlooking Birupa dej (zos hu ua Solapuamaa) hauv qab no. Muaj tsib cov duab uas muaj lub neej nyob rau hauv Boddhisattva, ib qhov chaw Buddha, ib tug vajtswv zaum saum ib stupa, ib qho ntxiv ntawm Boddhisattva, thiab seated Boddhisattva.

Udayagiri qhov chaw cog lus ntxiv treasures, raws li tseem muaj ntau rau khawb.

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Lalitagiri

Lub ruins ntawm Lalitagiri, tsis tseem ceeb raws li cov neeg nyob rau hauv Ratnagiri thiab Udayagiri, yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm tus txheej txheem nyob rau hauv Odisha. Cov kev xaav hnyav pib txij xyoo 1985 txog 1992 ua pov thawj pom tias nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 2 BC mus rau lub xyoo pua 13th xyoo AD.

Cov kev tshawb nrhiav pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev kawm ntawv apsidal chaitya los yog chaityagriha , plaub monasteries, thiab ntau pob zeb ntawm cov Hauj sam Buddha thiab Buddhist.

Qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrhiav tau yog peb lub pob zeb qeeg (ob qho uas muaj cov pob txha ntawm cov pob txha) hauv lub stupa ntawm Lalitgiri. Buddhist cov ntaub ntawv hais tias tom qab kev tuag ntawm Buddha, nws lub ris tsho tiv thaiv hauv nws cov thwjtim kom muab tso rau hauv stupas. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem raug suav tias yog los ntawm Buddha nws tus kheej, los yog ib tug ntawm nws cov thwj tim tseem ceeb. Lub Odisha tsoomfwv npaj siab yuav ua kom pom cov pob zeb qiv hauv lub tsev khaws khoom hauv Lalitagiri yav tom ntej.

Lub apsidal chaitya nrog unearthed ntawm Lalitagiri tseem yog thawj ntawm nws zoo nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus teb ntawm Buddhism nyob Odisha (ib tug Jain ib tug sab hauv lwm qhov chaw ntxov). Qhov kev thov no muaj kev sib tw nrog ib nrab hnub thiab muaj lub stupa ntawm qhov chaw, txawm tias nws tau ua puas tsuaj heev. Ib qho ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus qauv mus rau qhov thib ob-3rd centuries AD.

Muaj ntau ntawm cov hauj sam sculptures nyob rau lub sij hawm kos yog muaj tsev nyob rau hauv ib cov duab puab los ntawm lub monasteries. Txawm li cas los, thaj, lawv ua li ntawm 50% ntawm cov khoom qub qub rau ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj qee tus neeg tau tu siab, tab sis lwm tus tau txav mus rau lwm qhov chaw.