Ib qho Luv Tshaj Lij Tshaj ntawm Iris Thawj Lub Nobel Prize Laureate
William Butler Yeats, feem ntau tsuas yog hu ua WBYeats, nws yog leej twg? Feem ntau tsis lees paub los ntawm kiv cua ntawm Keats (WB lub xeem lub npe yog txhais tau tias "Yayts", tsis yog "Yeets"), nws yug rau lub Rau Hli 13, 1865, thiab tuag rau Lub Ib Hlis 28th, 1939.
Niaj hnub no, nws tau nco txog tias Iris "tus kws sau paj huam" (txawm nws tsis tau sau ntawv hauv lub teb chaws), thiab suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus Askiv cov ntawv nyeem thaum xyoo 2000.
Thiab nws kuj yog thawj tus neeg tau txais kev pabcuam ntawm Nobel Prize nyob rau hauv Literature (nyob rau hauv 1923, tom qab Irish laureates yog George Bernard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, thiab Seamus Heaney) - raug hailed "rau nws cov paj huam uas nws tau cog tseg, uas nyob rau hauv daim duab zoo nkauj qhia rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug tag nrho lub teb chaws ".
Geographically, txawm yog Xyooj thiab nyob txawv teb chaws ntev ntev, nws mus ib txhis nrog Sligo ... qhov chaw uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm nws txoj kev sau ntawv.
WBYeats thiab Ntaub Ntawv
Txawm hais tias yug thiab kawm ntawv hauv Dublin , William Butler Yeats siv ntau qhov chaw ntawm nws thaum yau deb nyob rau hauv County Sligo . Kev nco txiaj ntsig thiab kawm paj huam dhau los hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas, nws kuj nyiam Irish legends thiab "Occult" nyob rau hauv dav dav los ntawm ib tug me nyuam thaum ntxov. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb heev rau nws thawj theem pib, xaus qhov tig ntawm lub xyoo pua. Yeats 'thawj zaug ntawm cov paj huam tau luam tawm thaum xyoo 1889 - qeeb-paced, lyrical kwv huam hais txog Elizabethan thiab Romantic influences, xws li Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, thiab Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Pib ntawm 1900, Yeats 'paj huam tau tsim los ntawm cov metaphysical rau lub cev muaj zog dua, qhov tseeb. Tiag tiag tsis muaj ntau qhov kev ntseeg ntau dhau ntawm nws cov xyoo dhau los, nws tseem muaj kev txaus siab rau qhov loj hauv lub cev thiab sab ntsuj plig "qhov ncauj qhov ntswg", thiab kev xav ntawm lub neej.
Yeats kuj tau los ua ib qho ntawm (yog tias tsis yog) qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Irish Literary Revival. Ua ke nrog cov neeg zoo li neeg nyiam poj niam Gregory thiab Edward Martyn nws tsim tau Dublin lub Abbey Theatre, ua ib lub teb chaws Theatre ntawm Ireland (1904). Nws kuj tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Abbey tau ntau xyoo. Thawj ob plays puas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Abbey (nrog rau kev ua si los ntawm Lady Gregory nyob rau hauv ib daim "peb daim tshev") muaj Yeats ' On Baile's Strand thiab Cathleen Ní Houlihan .
Lo lus tseem ceeb, WBYeats yog cov neeg sau ntawv uas tau sau thiab tshaj tawm lawv txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tom qab tau txais tus nqi zog Nobel, qhov tseem ceeb ntauwd (1928) thiab The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929).
WBYeats - Lub neej thiab kev hlub
William Butler Yeats yug hauv tsev neeg Anglo-Irish Dublin. Nws tus txiv John Yeats pib nyeem txoj cai, tso txoj kev kawm no mus rau hauv London. Yeats 'niam Susan Mary Pollexfen tau los ntawm ib tug neeg muaj nyiaj Sligo cov tsev neeg. Tag nrho cov neeg hauv tsev neeg tau xaiv cov hauj lwm zoo nkauj - kwv tij Jack ua yeeb yam, cov viv ncaus Elizabeth thiab Susan Maiv hauv Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Kev Nkag Mus Los. Raws li cov tswv cuab ntawm cov (Protestant Protestant Ascendancy), tsev neeg Yeats yeej tsis pab txhawb ntawm kev hloov Ireland, txawm tias lub teb chaws lub rooj txhawb siab ncaj qha disadvantaged lawv.
Cov kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo muaj cov nyhuv ntawm Yeats cov paj huam, nws kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm Irish tus kheej lub zeem muag thiab kev hloov. Txawm tias thaum nws sau txog "peb Irish", qhov no yog lub sij hawm siv sij hawm feem ntau nrog rau nws qhov kev cai yav dhau los.
Sib nrauj los ntawm nws tom qab ob nqe lus raws li Irish Senator, thiab nws cov lus dab neeg nrog Theosophy, Rosicrucianism, thiab Golden Kaj ntug ... dab tsi tseem nyob hauv neeg lub siab yog Yeats 'convoluted, curious hlub-lub neej.
Nyob rau hauv 1889 nws tau ntsib Maud Gonne, tus nplua nuj heiress thiab Nationalist icon ... thiab kev zoo nkauj hauv nws cov hluas. Yeats 'poob rau nws nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev loj, tab sis Maud Gonne tau hais meej tias ib tus khub rau nws yuav tsum, thawj thiab foremost, ib tug ardent Nationalist. Nyob rau hauv 1891, Yeats nonetheless npaj siab sib yuav, tsuas yog tau rebuffed - tom qab ntawd sau hais tias "qhov teeb meem ntawm kuv lub neej pib".
Thaj tsis tau txais cov lus, Yeats rov npaj kev sib yuav rau xyoo 1899, 1900 thiab 1901, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais dua, dua, thiab tseem rov qab. Thaum Maud Gonne thaum kawg sib yuav Major John MacBride nyob rau xyoo 1903, tus kws sau paj huam tau muab fuse. Nws sim thuam MacBride txawm yog cov ntawv thiab cov paj huam, thiab rambled txog Maud Gonne txoj kev hloov dua siab tshiab rau txoj kev ntseeg.
Yeats ces pom nws ntxiv kev to taub, thiab mus txhua qhov kev sib tham, thaum Maud Gonne tau mus xyuas nws rau qee qhov kev xav tau ... thaum nws txoj kev sib yuav tau xaus rau kev phem, tom qab yug me nyuam tub (Sean MacBride). Txawm tias muaj ib-hmo-sawv nruab nrab ntawm Yeats thiab Maud Gonne tuaj rau tsis muaj dab tsi.
Los ntawm xyoo 1916, thiab thaum xyoo 51, Yeats tau xav ua kom tau ib tus menyuam. Nws txiav txim siab nws yog lub sij hawm siab mus yuav poj niam, ib txwm ib zaug ntxiv mus rau qhov tam sim no laus laus Maud Gonne (tshiab widowed los ntawm British pawg tub ceev xwm thaum lub sij hawm tom qab ntawm Easter Rising ). Thaum nws muab nws rov los dua, Yeats hloov mus rau nws txoj kev npaj Grotesque B txog ... kev sib yuav rau Iseult Gonne, Maud tus ntxhais 21 xyoos. Qhov no kuj tuaj rau tsis muaj dab tsi, yog li Yeats thaum kawg tswm ntawm me ntsis me ntsis (tab sis thaum 25 tseem yau dua ib nrab hnub nyoog) Georgie Hyde-Lees ... thiab rau txhua tus neeg surprise nws tsis tsuas txais, tab sis lub neej zoo li tau ua haujlwm zoo heev .
WBYeats thiab Txoj Cai
Txawm tias nws tsev neeg zaj keeb kwm, Yeats yog Irish Nationalist - nrog ib qho kev xav tau zoo tshaj plaws rau ib tug (ib txwm lom zem) "kev coj noj coj ua neej". Nws pib tshwm sim revolutionary plig (txawm tias yog ib tug ntawm pawg paramilitary), tab sis tsis ntev ntev nws tus kheej los ntawm kev lag luam. Nws pib tsis teb rau Easter Rising, tsuas yog hais txog nws nyob rau hauv paj huam hauv lub xyoo 1920, tau qhia.
Yeats raug tsa rau thawj Seanad Eireann, Irish Senate , nyob rau xyoo 1922 - thiab tom qab ntawd tau rov ua dua zaum ob rau xyoo 1925. Nws lub tseem ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob rau kev sib cav ntawm kev sib nrauj, nyob rau hauv uas nws liam tsoomfwv thiab Catholic txiv plig ntawm recreating " medieval Spain ". Kev tshaj tawm tsis muaj punches, nws tshaj tawm hais tias "kev sib yuav tsis yog rau peb lub cim nco txog, tab sis, ntawm qhov kev sib hlub, ib tug txiv neej thiab poj niam txoj kev hlub, thiab dawb ceev ntawm lub cev, dawb ceev. niaj hnub nimno ntaub ntawv, thiab zoo li peb yog ib qho khoom plig tshaj plaws los yaum ob tug neeg uas ntxub lwm tus los koom ua ke ". Txawm hais tias qhov kev sib cav sib ceg no, txoj kev sib nrauj tseem tsis tau txhaum cai hauv Ireland mus txog 1996. Thiab koj tuaj yeem nyeem ntawm cov kab, nrhiav nws kev ntxhov siab nrog Maud Gonne txoj kev sib yuav ...
Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm txoj kev xav dav dav tom qab Thawj Txoj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, Phab Ntsa Lub Ntiaj Teb, thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Tshaj Tawm, Yeats tau ua ntau ntau txog kev ywj pheej ntawm tsoom fwv thiab xav kom rov qab tsim dua tshiab ntawm teb chaws Europe los ntawm txoj cai totalitarian. Nws kev phoojywg nrog Ezra Pound qhia txog nws rau kev nom kev tswv ntawm Benito Mussolini, Yeats qhia txog kev qhuas rau "Il Duce" ntau zaus. Nyob hauv pem hauv ntej, nws tau sau peb zaj nkauj "Irish Blueshirts" , ib qho (loj tshaj) fascist splinter pab pawg los ntawm General Eoin O'Duffy.
Tuag, Tshem Tawm, Reburial
William Butler Yeats tuag nyob rau hauv Menton (Fabkis) rau Lub Ib Hlis 28th, 1939. Raws li nws xav tau nws faus tom qab lub khoos kas discreet thiab private ntees ntawm Roquebrune-Cap-Martin - "yog tias kuv tuag bury kuv li ntawd thiab tom qab ntawd ib xyoo thaum cov ntawv xov xwm tau tsis nco qab kuv, khawb kuv thiab cog kuv hauv Sligo. " Uas tsis tau ua haujlwm, raws li Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Tsav tawm thiab Yeats 'neeg tuag hauv lub ntiaj teb raug nyob hauv Fab Kis.
Tsuas yog nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj xyoo 1948 "Yeats" tau raug tsiv mus rau Drumcliff (County Sligo) hauv lub sijhawm kev txhawb nqa lub xeev - Tus Saib Xyuas Txawv Tebchaws raug saib xyuas haujlwm, ib Sean MacBride, tus tub ntawm Maud Gonne. Yeats 'epitaph raug rho tawm los ntawm cov kab kawg ntawm nws cov paj huam lig Nyob hauv Ben Bulben :
Nrum qhov muag txias
Nyob rau lub neej, ntawm kev tuag.
Horseman, dhau los ntawm!
Muaj, txawm li cas los, me ntsis teeb meem: Yeats twb tau faus rau hauv Fabkis, ces rov mus dua, nws cov pob txha muab tso rau hauv ib lub ossuary, ces reassembled rau cov zaub mov xa mus rau Ireland. Forensics yog li lawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1940s, pov thawj tias tag nrho cov pob txha, los sis txawm ib yam ntawm lawv, so hauv Ben Bulben Yeats '... yog ib tug me nyias hauv av. Tej zaum ib tug yuam kev ntxa?
Funniest Yeats Moment Ever
Qhov no yuav tsum mus rau cov yeeb yaj kiab "Cov Nyiaj Million Dollar Baby", uas peb pom Clint Eastwood txhais WBYeats los ntawm Irish ua lus Askiv. Thaj tsis muaj leej twg hais rau nws tias Yeats tsis txawj hais lus Irish li ntawd, thiab sau ua lus Askiv ...
Unfunniest Yeats Moment Puas
Tus kws sau paj huam ib zaug, thiab kuv txhais tag ib zaug, mus xyuas ib pub ... raws li WBYeats tau lees tias nws tsis tau mus pub, Oliver St. John Gogarty dragged nws tus phooj ywg rau Toner, ib qho ntawm Dublin ob peb phau ntawv saus , tseem qhib rau hauv Baggot Street hnub no. Nyob qhov twg WB muaj ib tug sherry, tshaj tawm nws tus kheej unimpressed txog tag nrho cov kev, thiab sab laug dua. reputedly yeej tsis tsaus ntuj lub pub lub doorstep dua. Yuav ua li cas ib tug nras ntawm kev xyiv fab!