Holocaust Memorials nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees

Lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj kev tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb los yeej tsis nco qab txog lub Holocaust. Muaj cov Holocaust memorials, cov tsev khaws ntaub ntawv, thiab yav dhau los cov chaw pw hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv uas qhia txog pejxeem thiab hwm cov tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg raug.

Ntau tus qhua rau cov teb chaws Europe xav yuam kom mus xyuas cov chaw no, thiab lawv yuav tsum. Lub Holocaust yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov chaw hauv thaj chaw muaj kev lom zem saib dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm no.

Rau tag nrho cov npe ntawm tag nrho cov European Holocaust Memorials (zoo li lub chaw ntxim nyiam nyob rau hauv Poland tsuas yog hu ua Auschwitz), mus saib cov lus qhia rau European Sites ntawm Remembrance.

• 01 ntawm 10

  Memorial rau cov neeg Yudais ntawm Murdered ntawm cov teb chaws Europe

  Tus kws kes duab vajtse Peter Eisenmann tsim Berlin lub Memorial rau Yudas Cov Neeg Yudais ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Tom qab sib txeeb sib txig sib luag los txiav txim siab txog tus yeej, tsis muaj leej twg tau xaiv, tab sis Eisenmann tus qauv nws thiaj li pib xyaum.

  Nws yog pw tawm ntawm 4,7-acre site ntawm Brandenburg Gate thiab Potsdamer Platz . Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov duab puab yog "Field of Stelae" nrog rau ntau tshaj 2,500 geometrically txheej txheem ncej txheem. Koj tuaj yeem nkag los ntawm tag nrho plaub sab thiab taug kev los ntawm kev tsis sib luag tiaj ua si, los ua ploj thaum lub sij hawm nce zuj zus. Tag nrho me ntsis sib txawv hauv me me, kev loj leeb ntawm kev tsis zoo siab tias koj tsuas tuaj yeem paub thaum koj ua koj txoj kev los ntawm cov koog hav zoov ntawm cov pob zeb. Qhov chaw nyob tom tsev nyob tom tsev yuav muaj ntau tus kheej xws li cov npe ntawm cov neeg Yuda Jewish Holocaust thiab xaiv cov dab neeg ntawm lawv cov lus.

  Tsuas yog ntawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv Tiergarten nkaus ntawm lub Memorial rau Homosexuals Persecuted nyob rau hauv Nazism, thiab tsiv rau lub Reichstag yog tus tshiab qhib Memorial rau Sinti thiab Roma tus neeg ntawm National Socialism. Ntau ntau discrete, koj tuaj yeem kuj pom cov cim kos npe uas Hitler's Bunker ib zaug nyob hauv cheeb tsam.

• 02 ntawm 10

  Dachau Concentration Camp

  Lub zos Dachau, 10 mais ntawm lub nroog ntawm Dachau, yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj cov chaw pw hauv Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab yuav ua tus qauv rau tag nrho cov chaw nyob tom qab hauv peb lub Reich.

  Cov neeg tuaj xyuas tom qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ua raws li "txoj kev ntawm tus neeg raug kaw," taug kev zoo tib yam li cov neeg raug txim tau raug yuam tom qab lawv tuaj txog hauv lub yeej rog. Koj yuav pom cov neeg raug kaw hauv tsev lojcaws, cov tubrog, cov rooj loog, thiab lub tshuab raj, nrog rau kev nthuav dav thiab ntau yam kev nco.

• 03 ntawm 10

  Stolpersteine

  Koj yuav tsis pom cov memorials no mus ncig ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees . Stolpersteine txhais cov ntsiab lus kom "dawm pob zeb". Muaj ntau qhov pom ntawm qhov muag, nws yooj yim mus ploj tsis tau, cov pob zeb kub muab tso rau hauv kev ciav hlau ntawm nkag ntawm ntau qhov chaw, cov chaw lag luam, thiab cov chaw seem.

  Qhov project ntawm German artist artist Gunter Demnig commemorates cov neeg raug ntawm Holocaust nyob rau hauv cov pob txha tooj txhav tooj liab memorials cim nrog lub npe (los yog cov npe ntawm tsev neeg), hnub yug, thiab ib qho kev qhia txog lawv txoj hmoo. Feem ntau lawv hais " Hier wohnte " (nyob ntawm no), tab sis qee zaus nws yog qhov chaw tus neeg kawm, ua haujlwm, lossis qhia. Qhov xaus yog feem ntau tib yam, " ermordet " (tua) nrog cov chaw mos ntawm Auschwitz, Dachau ...

• 04 ntawm 10

  Concentration Camp Sachsenhausen

  Txog 30 feeb ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Berlin nyob hauv thaj chaw Memorial Sachsenhausen, ib qho qub chaw nyob hauv Oranienburg. Lub zos no tau tsim tsa hauv xyoo 1936, thiab txog 1945 ntau tshaj 200,000 tus neeg raug kaw los ntawm Nazis.

  Sachsenhausen tau ua ntau txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub Koom Txoos: Nws yog thawj lub koom haum uas tsim los ntawm Heinrich Himmler ua tus Thawj Coj ntawm German tub ceev xwm thiab nws cov vaj tse tsim qauv siv rau txhua lub chaw nyob hauv Nazi teb chaws Yelemees.

  Tom qab lub ciajvvajvajteb raug tua nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 22, 1945, cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov Polish, Soviets siv lub vev-xaij thiab nws cov tsev ua lub chaw ntiav ua haujlwm rau cov neeg raug kaw thoj hauv tebchaws 1945 txog 1950.

  Hauv xyoo 1956, cov tswv yim pib tsim los hloov lub chaw pw ua ib lub teb chaws memorial. Nws qhib rau lub Plaub Hlis 23, 1961, thiab tam sim no qhib rau cov pej xeem ua ib lub pov thawj thiab lub memorial.

• 05 ntawm 10

  Concentration Camp Buchenwald

  Ntau tshaj 250,000 tus neeg los ntawm 50 lub teb chaws raug kaw nyob rau yav dhau los lub zos Buchenwald, ze rau lub nroog Weimar .

  Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau qhov chaw ua yeeb yam thiab koj tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw qub ntawm qhov chaw pw tom hav zoov, qhov rooj laj kab mob thiab lub tsev kaw neeg, cov saib xyuas, lub tshuab raj, lub chaw tua kab mob, cov chaw nres tsheb nqaj hlau, SS cov chaw, cov chaw txua txiag zeb thiab cov graveyards. Muaj cov phiajcim kev sibtham thoob plaws hauv qhov chaw uas nws kim heev, nrog rau txoj kev khiav haujlwm los ntawm cov thawj saib xyuas yav dhau los.

• 06 ntawm 10

  Cov neeg Yudai Tsev Tuam Tsev hauv Berlin

  Cov neeg Yudai Tsev khaws puav pheej Berlin tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm-nws keeb kwm kev sau keeb kwm "Ob Millennia ntawm Yudais Yudai Keeb Kwm" thiab cov ntaub ntawv Yudais lub neej hauv Yelamas los ntawm Roman zaug mus rau hnub ntawd.

  Tab sis cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Daniel Libeskind lub tsev ua rau cov neeg uas raug tshem tawm thiab ploj lawm: Cov duab ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub hnub qub uas dai uas Davis tau ua, tsis paub zoo li cov qhov rais tau muab txiav los rau hauv cov hlau ntsa hlau, qhov txawv thiab "voids" ncav qhov siab qhov siab ntawm lub tsev. Lub Holocaust Ntauwd thiab cov kev kos duab "Lub Ntiaj Teb Phem" tsuas yog lwm txoj kev hloov thiab kev paub tshwj xeeb.

• 07 ntawm 10

  Concentration Camp Bergen Belsen

  Nrog rau qhov chaw tuag nyob rau hauv Auschwitz, Bergen Belsen nyob rau hauv Lower Saxony ua ib lub cim thoob ntiaj teb rau kev phem ntawm Holocaust. Anne Frank tau raug kaw hauv lub zos no thiab tuag hauv Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1945.

  Niaj hnub no, qhov chaw pib ntawm lub qub chaw pw hav zoov yog ib lub tojntxas nrog ntau cov khoom ntiag tug txog cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem thiab tuag ntawm Bergen Belsen. Muaj ib qho chaw tshiab qhib cov ntaub ntawv chaw, uas nqa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, duab, thiab cov duab yeeb yaj kiab tshawb txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw pw hav zoov.

• 08 ntawm 10

  Neuengamme Concentration Camp

  Lub Neuengamme concentration Camp, uas yog muaj nyob hauv ib lub tsev qub cawv nyob rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv ntawm Hamburg , yog qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv North of Germany, uas muaj ntawm 80 satellite camps nruab nrab ntawm 1938 thiab 1945. Nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 2005, nyob rau hauv 60 xyoo ntawm lub yeej rog kev tsim dim, qhov chaw tsim kho tshiab tau qhib, nrog rau ntau lub rooj nthuav txuj uas sau txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab nco txog qhov kev raug mob ntawm ntau tshaj 100,000 tus neeg raug kaw hauv qab no. Kaum tsib historic concentration lub tsev hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv raug khaws cia.

• 09 ntawm 10

  Concentration Camp Flossenbürg

  Lub ntsiab concentration camp Flossenbürg, ua xyoo 1938, nyob rau thaj tsam Upper Palatinate hauv Bavaria. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, yog ib tug xibfwb uas yog German thiab cov kws tshawb fawb, raug kaw nyob rau ntawm no thiab tau tuag nkaus xwb 23 hnub ua ntej lub nroog Flossenbürg tau raug tua nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1945. Lub Memorial muaj kev qhia ua lus Askiv, uas suav nrog cov seem ntawm "Flossenbürg Concentration Camp, 1938-1945 . "

• 10 ntawm 10

  Lub tsev ntawm Wannsee Conference

  Cov qhua tuaj yeem sawv ntsug hauv chav tsev uas "Lub Xaus Xaus" (ie Holocaust) tau npaj tawm. Tam sim no ib qhov chaw nco txog , lub tsev ntawm Wannsee Conference yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov keeb kwm nres rau cov tib neeg rov qab ua rau cov huab hwm coj lub teb chaws muaj ze li ntawm 11 lab tus tib neeg.