Koj yuav tsis pom cov memorials no mus ncig ntawm cov nroog Yeltsis zoo li Berlin. Muaj ntau qhov pom ntawm qhov muag, nws yooj yim mus ploj tsis tau, cov pob zeb kub muab tso rau hauv kev ciav hlau ntawm nkag ntawm ntau qhov chaw, cov chaw lag luam, thiab cov chaw seem. Stolpersteine txhais cov ntsiab lus rau "kev txawb pob zeb" thiab cov cim thwjtim no nco cov neeg dhau los ntawm cov keeb kwm loj heev uas nyob ntawm koj txhais ko taw ncig Yelemes.
Dab tsi yog Stolpersteine?
Tsim los ntawm German artist Gunter Demnig, Stolpersteine commemorate cov neeg raug ntawm Holocaust nyob rau hauv cobblestone-loj me me memasss cim nrog lub npe (los yog cov npe ntawm tsev neeg), hnub yug (birthdies) thiab ib qho kev qhia luv luv ntawm lawv txoj hmoo. Feem ntau, lawv hais " Hier wohnte " (nyob ntawm no), tab sis qee zaus nws yog qhov chaw tus neeg kawm, ua haujlwm los yog qhia. Qhov xaus yog feem ntau tib yam, " ermordet " (tua) nrog cov chaw mos ntawm Auschwitz thiab Dachau.
Tsis zoo li lwm lub memorials ncig lub nroog rau tej pab pawg (xws li Memorial rau tua neeg Yudais ntawm cov teb chaws Europe) , qhov no yog ib qho memorial rau tag nrho cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Nazi regime. Qhov no muaj xws li cov neeg Yudais, Sinti los yog Roma, cov neeg raug kev tsim txom thoj lossis kev ntseeg, homosexuals thiab cov neeg raug mob ntawm euthanasia.
Stolpersteine Chaw
Lub project tau loj hlob dhau 48,000 Stolpersteine tsis yog nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemes, tab sis nyob rau hauv Austria, Hungary , lub Netherlands, Belgium, Czech koom pheej, Norway, Ukraine, Russia, Lavxias, Fabkis, Poland, Slovenia, Ltalis, Norway, Switzerland, Slovakia , Luxembourg thiab dhau mus.
Txawm tias qhov loj me me ntawm txhua tus neeg qhov project, nws cov qis tshaj plaws ua rau nws yog ib lub cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb coob tshaj plaws.
Muaj tsis yog lub nroog German tsis muaj Stolpersteine memorial . Lub peev ntawm Berlin muaj feem ntau nrog luag 3,000 Stolpersteine rau commemorate cov 55,000 neeg deported. Ib daim ntawv teev cov chaw hauv Berlin tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv online, nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov qhua feem ntau tuaj hla lub pob zeb los ntawm kev cia li tig lawv ntsia rau hauv av. Thaum koj ntes pom los yog tsoo ib lub pob zeb, nyeem Stolpersteine zaj dab neeg luv luv thiab nco ntsoov cov neeg uas hu ua lub nroog no.
Pab Ua Txoj Haujlwm
Lub memorials creator, Demnig, tseem mus ncaj nraim rau kev siv ntawm Stolpersteine. Tam sim no hauv nws lub sijhawm 60s, Demnig muaj ib pab ua cov nyhav nyhav tab sis pom zoo rau daim ntawv sau npe, tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab tus kheej npaj cov teeb tsa ntawm lub pob zeb. Michael Friedrichs-Friedländer yog nws tus phoojywg hauv kev ua haujlwm, kev ua thiab kev txhawj txog 450 Stolpersteine ib hlis. Lub installation feem ntau thim cov xim ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, xws li no ncej los ntawm ib tug expat hauv Berlin uas saib ib qho kev tuaj installation ua ke nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws lub tsev. Lub caij nyoog ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab qhib kev lom zem, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej, tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm lub vev xaib thiab cov pej xeem tuaj koom.
Tus nqi ntawm Stolpersteine yog qhov kev pabcuam los ntawm cov nyiaj pub dawb raws li leej twg tuaj yeem pib thiab nyiaj ib qhov memorial. Nws yog rau cov neeg sib tw ua ib txoj haujlwm los tshawb fawb txog thiab muab xa mus rau Demnig pawg neeg. Tus nqi tam sim no ntawm Stolpersteine tshiab yog € 120.
Raws li lub chaw cim memorials loj hlob, tej qhov chaw tshiab memorials sau sai.
Nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv ntawm kev txhim kho thiab pabcuam hauv cov lus Askiv version ntawm qhov chaw, www.stolpersteine.eu/en/.