Ua nyob rau hauv 8th Century, Borobudur yog ib lub Monument rau ib tug Nco Ntsoov Buddhist Kingdom
Borobudur yog ib qho loj heev Mahayana Buddhist monument hauv Central Java. Ua nyob rau hauv AD 800, lub monument tau ploj mus rau ntau pua xyoo tom qab poob qab ntawm cov hauj sam Buddhist hauv Java. Borobudur yog rediscovered nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv, rescued los ntawm cov ib puag ncig jungles, thiab niaj hnub no yog ib qhov chaw loj hauj sam pilgrimage.
Borobudur yog ua rau ib qho kev ua neej nyob nruab nrab - nws yuav tsis yog lwm yam, raws li nws tsis muaj dab tsi tsawg tshaj qhov sawv cev ntawm lub cosmos li Buddhist theology to taub nws.
Thaum koj nkag mus rau Borobudur, koj pom koj tus kheej raug coj mus rau hauv ib qho teeb meem hauv cosmology hauv lub pob zeb, uas yog ib qho chaw zoo heev rau cov amateur archaeologists, tab sis ib tus uas yuav tsum tau ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev paub txog decipher.
- Rau ib tug thumbnail saib ntawm no tus hauj sam stupa keeb kwm ntev, nyeem Esxias Phau Ntawv Qhia Phau Ntawv Kallie Szczepanski tsab xov xwm ntawm lub tuam tsev Borobudur.
Tus qauv ntawm Borobudur
Lub monument zoo li tus txiv neej zoo li ib txoj hauv kev ua lag luam - tsib lub platform platforms hauv qab, plaub platforms saum toj no - riddled nrog ib txoj hauv kev uas siv cov pilgrims los ntawm peb theem ntawm Buddhist cosmology.
Cov neeg tuaj sab laj nce ntaiv stairs rau txhua theem; cov taug kev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 2,672 lub koob panels uas qhia cov dab neeg los ntawm Buddha lub neej thiab cov lus piv txwv ntawm cov phau ntawv dab neeg.
Txhawm rau saib cov kev pab nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev txiav txim zoo, koj yuav tsum pib los ntawm lub rooj vag sab hnub tuaj, ncig ntawm xuab moos ces nce toj ib qib thaum koj ua tiav ib qhov Circuit Court.
Theem ntawm Borobudur
Lub Borobudur qis tshaj sawv cev ntawm Kamadhatu (lub ntiaj teb uas muaj siab), thiab tau dai kom zoo nrog rau 160 reliefs uas qhia dab tuag ntawm cov tib neeg muaj siab thiab lawv lub txim siab. Cov duab kos yuav tsum tau txhawb kom txhawb cov pilgrim kom dim lawv lub ntiaj teb shackles rau Nirvana.
Qhov tsawg lub platform yeej qhia tau hais tias tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev pab cuam; ntau ntawm qhov qis tshaj ntawm Borobudur yog khi nrog cov pob zeb ntxiv, nrog rau cov kev pab cuam.
Peb phau ntawv hinted tias qee cov kev pabcuam zoo siab tuaj yeem sab nraud, tiamsis tsis muaj pov thawj los txhawb qhov no.
Raws li tus qhua ascends ntawm Rupadhatu (lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, muaj theem tsib ntxiv tom qab), cov reliefs pib qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm Buddha lub conception thiab yug. Cov kev pabcuam kuj qhia txog kev ua haujlwm rau txhua yam thiab kev siv dab neeg los ntawm xibfwb cov lus dab neeg.
Ascending ntawm Arupadhatu (lub ntiaj teb ntawm formlessness, cov plaub theem sab ntawm Borobudur), tus qhua pom perforated stupas enclosing Buddha statues within. Qhov twg hauv thawj plaub lub platforms muaj bordered ntawm ob tog nrog pob zeb, qib plaub theem sab nraud qhib, pom nthuav tawm ntawm Magelang regency thiab roob hluav taws Mercapi nyob deb.
Nyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus, lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus stupa crowns Borobudur. Cov neeg tuaj xyuas neeg tsis tuaj yeem tso cai rau nkag mus rau hauv stupa, tsis yog tias muaj dab tsi los saib - tus stupa yog npliag, raws li nws cim qhov kev khiav tawm mus rau Nirvana los yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas yog lub hom phiaj qhov kawg ntawm Buddhism.
Buddha Statues ntawm Borobudur
Buddha statues nyob rau hauv plaub theem ntawm Borobudur yog nyob rau hauv ntau "cwj pwm" los yog mudra , txhua referencing ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv Buddha lub neej.
Bhumi Sparsa Mudra: qhov "txeeb ntawm kov lub ntiaj teb", tawm los ntawm Buddha statues sab sab hnub tuaj - sab tes laug tso qhib rau ntawm lawv cov laps, sab tes xis ntawm sab xis nrog cov ntiv tes taw nqes.
Qhov chiv keeb ntawm Buddha tawm tsam cov dab Mara, qhov twg nws hu Dewi Bumi lub vajtswv poj niam rau nws cov pov thawj.
Vara Mudra: sawv cev ntawm "kev sib hlub sib txhawb", los ntawm cov Buddha statues nyob rau sab qab teb sab - sab tes xis tuav tuav nrog cov ntiv tes ntawm lub hauv caug, sab laug tes qhib rau ntawm ncej puab.
Dhyana Mudra: sawv cev ntawm "kev xav" los ntawm cov Buddha statues sab hnub poob - ob txhais tes tso rau ntawm ncej puab, sab tes xis sab saum toj ntawm ob sab, ob lub xib teg ntsib, ob lub rooj sib tham thumbs.
Abhaya Mudra: sawv cev ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev tshem tawm kev ntshai, cuam tshuam los ntawm Buddha statues nyob rau sab qaum teb - sab tes laug tso qhib rau ntawm ncej puab, sab tes xis me ntsis tsa saum hauv lub hauv caug nrog xib teg tig rau pem hauv ntej.
Vitarka Mudra: sawv cev ntawm "kev tshaj tawm", raug coj los ntawm Buddhas ntawm lub pas dej ntawm sab saud square - sab tes xis tuav, tus ntiv tes xoo thiab tus ntiv tes kov cov lus qhuab qhia.
Cov Buddha statues nyob rau theem siab dua tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv cov yas txig ntawm cov leeg; ib qho lwj ua ke tsis tiav los qhia qhov Buddha sab hauv. Lwm tus yuav tsum muab hmoov zoo yog tias koj tuaj yeem kov nws tes; nws nyuab dua nws zoo li, ib zaug thaum koj xuas koj caj npab rau hauv, koj tsis muaj kev pom ntawm tus pej thuam hauv!
Waisak ntawm Borobudur
Ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj xyuas Borobudur thaum Waisak (cov hnub ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov kev kaj siab). Nyob rau Waisak, ntau pua tus tswv hauj sam monks ntawm Indonesia thiab ntxiv ntug ua pa pib 2am ua kom muaj kev sib ntsib ntawm Candi Mendut, taug kev ntawm 1.5 mais mus Borobudur.
Lub rooj sib txoos mus qeeb, nrog ntau chanting thiab thov Vaj tswv, mus txog thaum lawv mus txog Borobudur thaum txog 4 teev. Cov hauj sam yuav ua ces khij lub tuam tsev, nce mus txog qib hauv lawv cov kev txiav txim zoo, thiab tos txog lub hli ntawm lub qab ntug (qhov cim tias lub hnub yug ntawm Buddha), uas lawv yuav tos txais nrog ib zaj nkauj. Lub ceremonies kawg tom qab hnub tuaj.
- Yog xav paub ntxiv txog qhov kev ua koobtsheej loj Buddhist, nyeem cov tshooj no: Vesak nyob rau sab Asia , los yog xav tias cov duab no: Cov duab ntawm Vesak nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia .
Mus rau Borobudur
Tus nqi nkag rau Borobodur yog $ 20; Cov pib lub chav fai qhib tau qhib thaum 6 teev sawv ntxov txog 5 teev tsaus ntuj. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais ib daim pib Borobudur / Prambanan pib rau IDR 360,000 (lossis txog US $ 28.80, nyeem txog cov nyiaj hauv Indonesia ). Lub tshav dav hlau uas nyob ze rau ntawm Yogyakarta, txog 40 feeb ntawm tsheb.
Los ntawm lub npav: Mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Jombor (Google Maps) hauv Sleman sab qaum teb ntawm Yogyakarta; ntawm no, cov npav tuaj yeem pib ntawm lub nroog thiab cov Boropudur tsheb thauj mus los (Google Maps). Qhov kev ntaus nqi no yog IDR 20,000 (txog US $ 1.60) thiab yuav siv li ib teev mus rau ib teev-thiab-ib nrab kom tiav. Lub tuam tsev tus kheej tuaj yeem ncav tsis pub dhau 5-7 feeb taug kev los ntawm lub tsheb npav nres.
Los ntawm cov tsheb ntiav minibus: Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los mus rau Borobudur, tiam sis tsis pheej yig tshaj plaws: nug koj lub tsev so Yogaakarta kom tuaj yeem pom zoo rau cov tsheb ncig xyuas cov minibus. Nyob ntawm cov pob ntawm cov pob (qee cov neeg ua haujlwm kuj muaj xws li mus sab nraud mus rau Prambanan , Kraton , los yog Yogyakarta ntau cov batik thiab nyiaj cov nyiaj ) cov nqi yuav raug nqi ntawm IDR 70,000 rau IDR 200,000 (ntawm US $ 5.60 mus rau US $ 16).
Los ntawm lub tsev Manohara nyob ze, koj nqa lub Borobudur Sunrise Tour uas coj koj mus rau lub tuam tsev ntawm lub sij hawm tsis muaj tseeb thaum 4:30 sawv ntxov, cia koj pom lub tuam tsev teeb ci mus txog hnub tuaj txog hnub tuaj. Cov kev qhia hnub tuaj ncig xyuas IDR 380,000 (txog US $ 30) rau cov neeg tsis yog Manohara, thiab IDR 230,000 (txog US $ 18.40) rau Manohara cov qhua.