Thaum nyob ruaj ntseg hauv teb chaws Africa feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev nkag siab, muaj qee cov cheeb tsam lossis lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws. Yog tias koj nyob hauv txoj kev npaj rau kev mus rau teb chaws Africa thiab tsis paub meej txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj qhov chaw koj xaiv tseg, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los xyuas cov lus ceeb toom kev ncig tebchaws tawm hauv US Department of State.
Cov Ceeb Toom Tseg Tebchaws Tshaj Tawm?
Cov lus ceeb toom mus ncig los yog tawm tswv yim yog muab los ntawm tsoomfwv hauv kev sim ua rau pej xeem Asmeskas paub txog kev piam sij mus rau thaj chaw lossis lub teb chaws.
Lawv yog raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub teb chaws qhov tam sim no kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo. Feem ntau, cov lus ceeb toom mus txawv tebchaws raug xa tawm raws li cov lus teb rau cov kev ntxhov siab tam sim no xws li kev ua tsov ua rog, kev ua phem los yog kev cai yuam kev. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem muab tawm vim muaj kev tsis sib haum los yog kev ua txhaum loj dua; thiab qee zaus muaj kev cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv (xws li West Africa ebola phaum mob ntawm 2014).
Tam sim no, cov kev tawm tswv yim mus txawv tebchaws muaj npe nyob rau ntawm 1 txog 4. Qib 1 yog "qoj ib ce tsis zoo", uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb. Qib 2 yog "qoj ib ce ceev faj", uas txhais tau hais tias muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo hauv qee qhov chaw, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb kom ntev li ntev tau tias koj paub txog qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab ua raws li. Theem 3 yog "rov qab mus ncig xyuas", uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho tab sis kev mus los tsis tsim nyog. Qib 4 yog "tsis mus ncig", uas txhais tau tias qhov teeb meem tam sim no yog txaus ntshai heev rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov xwm txheej uas txhawb rau cov neeg ceeb toom mus txawv tebchaws, xav saib xyuas cov lus qhia tawm los ntawm lwm lub tseem fwv, xws li Canada, Australia thiab United Kingdom.
Tam sim no Cov Neeg Tebchaws Asmeskas Tawm Hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas rau Advisors
Hauv qab no, peb tau teev tag nrho cov neeg ncig tebchaws taug kev tawm tebchaws Asmeskas nyob rau qib 2 lossis siab dua.
Disclaimer: Thov nco ntsoov tias cov lus ceeb toom mus txawv tebchaws hloov txhua lub sij hawm thiab thaum lub sij hawm no tsab xov xwm tsis tu ncua, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus saib Tebchaws US Department of State ncaj qha ua ntej koj mus ncig xyuas.
Algeria
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua phem. Kev ua phem ua phem tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw tsis muaj kev ceeb toom, thiab pom tias yuav muaj feem ntau hauv cov chaw deb zos. Cov lus ceeb toom tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm tswv yim tiv thaiv kev mus rau cov chaw nyob deb nroog li ntawm 50 kilos ntawm Tunisian ciam teb, los yog hauv 250 km ntawm cov ciam teb nrog Libya, Niger, Mali thiab Mauritania. Overland taug kev nyob rau hauv lub Sahara Desert tseem tsis pom zoo.
Burkina Faso
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Txoj kev ua phem yog muaj ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nroog, thiab feem ntau yog lub hom phiaj txawv teb chaws. Cov kev tawm tsam ua phem tau tshwm sim thiab yuav tshwm sim dua txhua lub sijhawm. Hauv particular, lub advisory ceeb toom tawm tsam tag nrho cov kev mus rau Sahel thaj av nyob rau ciam teb nrog Mali thiab Niger, qhov neeg ua phem tau tawm tsam nrog qhov kev nyiag ntawm Western tourists.
Burundi
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua txhaum thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov, suav nrog kev ntaus pob grenade, muaj ntau. Kev kub ntxhov hauv kev kub ntxhov tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua, thaum tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txav chaw.
Hauv particular, cross-border raids los ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm cov DRC muaj nyob hauv cov xeev ntawm Cibitoke thiab Bubanza.
Cameroon
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim raug tub sab. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov yog ib qho teeb meem thoob plaws Cameroon, tab sis qee qhov chaw muaj kev phem tshaj lwm tus. Tshwj xeeb yog, tsoomfwv qhia tawm tsam kev mus rau sab qaum teb thiab Far North thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov cheeb tsam East thiab Islandawa. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, txoj kev ua phem rau cov neeg ua phem tseem ua rau kom muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab kev nyiag nkoog yog kev txhawj xeeb.
Central African Republic
Qib 4 kev tawm tswv yim ncig tawm mus vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Txoj kev ua tub sab, kev ua txhaum thiab kev tsim txom muaj ntau, thaum lub sij hawm armed pawg tswj cheeb tsam loj hauv lub teb chaws thiab nquag sim cov pej xeem rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev tua. Cov kev tuaj yeem kaw cov huab cua thiab av ciam teb nyob rau hauv kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees yog tias cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas yuav tsum tau tso tseg yog muaj teebmeem tshwm sim.
Chad
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas tawm vim muaj kev ua phem, kev ua phem thiab cov minefields. Cov neeg ua phem raug ceeb toom hauv Chad, thaum cov pawg neeg ua phem nkag tau yooj yim hauv thiab tawm hauv lub tebchaws thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cheeb tsam Lake Chad. Ciam teb yuav nyob ze tsis muaj kev ceeb toom, tawm hauv cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tau tso tseg. Minefields muaj nyob rau ciam teb nrog Libya thiab Sudan.
Côte d'Ivoire
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Kev ua phem ua phem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum twg los tau thiab yuav ua rau cov chaw ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem paub. Kev ua phem ua txhaum (xws li lub taub hau, kev tawm hauv tsev thiab kev tub sab tub rog) feem ntau, txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas raug txwv tsis pub tsav tsheb sab nraum cov nroog loj tom qab tsaus thiab tuaj yeem muab kev pab cuam tsawg.
Koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm cov Congo
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas teb chaws vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Muaj theem siab vim kev ua phem, xws li ua tub sab tub rog, raug yuam deev thiab quab yuam. Kev ua yeeb yam thev xaij tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg thiab nquag siv cov lus teb los ntawm tub ceev xwm. Taug kev mus rau sab hnub tuaj Congo thiab peb lub xeev Kasai tsis raug pom zoo vim muaj kev sib haum xeeb tsis sib haum.
Tim lyiv teb chaws
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua phem. Cov pawg neeg phem ua rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab cov chaw xa khoom thauj mus txuas ntxiv mus, thaum kev tsav dav hlau yog raug teeb meem. Qee qhov chaw muaj kev txaus ntshai dua lwm tus. Muaj ntau lub teb chaws cov chaw mus ncig xyuas lub teb chaws yog xam zoo tib yam; thaum mus ncig mus rau thaj tsam Desert, Sinai ceg av qab teb thiab ciam teb tsis pom zoo.
Eritrea
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim tawm vim yog kev txwv kev txwv thiab txwv qee cov kev pabcuam. Yog tias koj raug ntes nyob rau hauv Eritrea, nws yuav ua rau kev nkag tau mus rau Tebchaws Asmeskas cov kev pabcuam yuav raug tuav tseg los ntawm lub zos txoj cai lij choj. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau txais kev pom zoo mus ncig xyuas tebchaws rau thaj chaw Ethiopian ciam teb los ntawm nom tswv tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg, tsis tu ncua thiab tsis ua haujlwm rau thaj tsam.
Ethiopia
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas vim tau ua rau pej xeem tawm tsam thiab kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo. Kev mus rau lub Regional Regional State of Minnesota tsis tau qhia vim muaj peev xwm rau pej xeem tsis sib haum, kev ua phem thiab cov teb chaws. Kev ua phem thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees kuj raug suav hais tias yuav muaj nyob hauv thaj tsam East Hararge ntawm lub xeev Oromia, thaj tsam Danakil thiab qhov ciam teb nrog Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan thiab Eritrea.
Guinea-Bissau
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov yog ib qho teeb meem thoob plaws hauv Guinea-Bissau tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ntawm Bissau tshav dav hlau thiab ntawm Bandim Market hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub peev. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau ua tau ntau xyoo, thiab qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tog tsev ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau txhua lub sijhawm. Nws tsis muaj lub Tebchaws Asmeskas nyob hauv Guinea-Bissau.
Kenya
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim raug tub sab. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov yog ib qho teeb meem thoob plaws hauv Kenya, thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau txais kev pom zoo kom tsis txhob tawm tsam Eastleigh ntawm Nairobi txhua lub sijhawm, thiab lub qub nroog hauv Mombasa tom qab tsaus ntuj. Taug kev mus rau hauv Kenya - Ciam teb thiab lwm thaj chaw tiaj tus tsis pom zoo vim muaj kev ua phem rau kev ua phem.
Libya
Theem 4 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua txhaum, kev ua phem, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees. Qhov yuav kis tau los ntawm kev kub ntxhov hauv kev kub ntxhov yog qhov siab, txawm tias pawg neeg phem yuav ua rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem (thiab cov neeg hauv Asmeskas). Civil aviation yog qhov yuav kis tau los ntawm cov neeg ua phem raug mob, thiab cov dav hlau tawm hauv thiab tawm ntawm Libyan tshav dav hlau pheej yig lawm, tawm hauv cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas tebchaws.
Mali
Qib 4 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas tawm vim muaj kev ua txhaum thiab kev ua phem. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov yog nyob thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws tiam sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Bamako thiab cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Mali. Kev thaiv cov kev cai thiab cov tub ceev xwm siv pov thawj ua rau cov tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem coj kom zoo dua cov neeg ncig teb chaws mus ncig ntawm txoj kev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj. Kev tawm tsam kev ua phem tuaj mus ntxiv rau qhov chaw uas neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj.
Mauritania
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Kev tawm tsam kev ua phem yuav tshwm sim tsis muaj kev ceeb toom thiab yuav ua rau cov chaw muaj neeg tuaj ncig ntawm cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj. Kev ua tub sab tub nyiag (nrog rau kev ua phem, kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev sib tw) feem ntau, txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas yuav tsum tau txais kev tso cai tshwj xeeb tawm mus sab nraud Nouakchott thiab tuaj yeem pab tau kev pab rau thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Niger
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Kev ua phem ua nruj ua tsiv heev, thaum neeg tuaj yeem ua tub sab thiab kev ywj pheej tawm lub hom phiaj txawv teb chaws thiab cov chaw hauv zos thiab thaj chaw muaj neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj ncig. Nyob rau hauv kev, tsis txhob mus ncig ciam teb - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov cheeb tsam Diffa, thaj tsam Chad cheeb tsam thiab lub npav Mali, qhov twg pawg neeg paub ua hauj lwm.
Nigeria
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua txhaum, kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Kev kub ntxhov yog ib qho nyob rau hauv Nigeria, thaum neeg ua phem tawm tsam tsom mus rau thaj tsam hauv thiab ncig Federal Capital Territory thiab lwm thaj chaw hauv nroog. Hauv particular, lub xeev qaum teb (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Borno) yog cov neeg ua phem rau kev ua si. Piracy yog kev txhawj xeeb rau cov neeg taug kev mus rau Gulf of Guinea, uas yuav tsum tau zam yog tau.
Koom pheej ntawm cov Congo
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas teb chaws vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov yog kev txhawj xeeb thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws Congo, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev sib thiav thiab feem ntau ua rau kev tsausmuag. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau txais kev pom zoo mus ncig xyuas cov tebchaws thiab cov thajtsam sab qabteb ntawm thaj chaw Pas Dej, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj kev phem ntau dua thiab muaj kev sib ntau sib tua.
Sierra Leone
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim raug tub sab. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov nrog rau kev ua phem thiab kev tub sab yog qhov ntau, thaum tub ceev xwm hauv zos tsis tshua muaj peev xwm teb tau teeb meem zoo. Tsoomfwv Tsoomfwv Meskas cov neeg ua haujlwm raug txwv tsis pub tawm mus sab nraud Freetown tom qab tsaus ntuj, thiab thiaj li tsuas muaj kev pabcuam rau cov neeg ncig tebchaw uas tuaj yeem ntsib teebmeem.
Somalia
Qib 4 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas tawm vim yog ua txhaum, kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Kev ua txhaum kev kub ntxhov yog ib qho thoob plaws, nrog ntau txoj kev txhaum cai thiab muaj kev ploj zuj zus thiab kev txhawj xeeb. Kev ua phem tawm tsam cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, thiab tuaj yeem tsis muaj kev ceebtoom. Piracy yog rife nyob rau hauv dej thoob ntiaj teb tawm ntawm Horn of Africa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Somalia.
South Africa
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim raug tub sab. Kev ua tub sab tub nyiag xws li ua tub sab tub rog, raug yuam cai thiab ntes tawg-tawm-nres tawm tsam tsheb nyob rau hauv South Africa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw lag luam loj hauv cov nroog loj tom qab tsaus. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws raug xam tias yog kev nyab xeeb - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw ua si qus thiab reserves.
South Sudan
Theem 4 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua txhaum thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam kev nom kev tswv thiab haiv neeg, thaum muaj kev ua txhaum loj heev. Txoj kev txhaum hauv Juba tshwj xeeb yog cov tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tsuas tso cai rau kev mus los hauv cov cuab yeej npav. Txwv kev txwv tsis pub dhau kev ua haujlwm sab nraud ntawm Juba txhais tau hais tias cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem tsis cia kev pab thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Sudan
Theem 3 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim yog kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov pawg neeg phem hauv Sudan tau hais tias lawv lub hom phiaj yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj Westerners, thiab cov kev tawm tsam yuav yog, tshwj xeeb yog hauv Khartoum. Vim yog kev tsis ncaj ncees, kev ywjpheej yog yuam nrog tsawg los tsis ceebtoom, thaum muaj kev xaj qeg qis qis. Tag nrho mus rau thaj tsam Darfur, Blue Nile xeev thiab Southern Kordofan xeev raug xam tias tsis muaj kev sib tsoo vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Tanzania
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua txhaum, kev ua phem thiab lub hom phom LGBTI. Kev ua txhaum kev sib ntaus sib tua yeej tshwm sim hauv Tanzania, thiab suav nrog kev ua plees ua yi, kev ntaus kis las, kev sib tsoo thiab sib tw. Cov pab pawg neeg ua phem ntxiv mus npaj tawm tsam cov chaw muaj neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, thiab muaj lus ceeb toom ntawm LGBTI cov neeg ncig tebchaws raug ua phem lossis raug ntes thiab raug foob ua txhaum cai.
Togo
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas teb chaws vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Kev ua txhaum ntau yam kev phem (xws li kev thab plaub) thiab kev ua txhaum cai (nrog rau kev tub sab tub rog) muaj ntau, thaum cov txwj laus feem ntau yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ncaj ncees. Kev tsis ncaj ncees rau cov pej xeem hauv cov pej xeem kev tawm tsam, nrog cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov tub ceev xwm muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Tunisia
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim tawm los ntawm kev ua phem. Qee qhov chaw raug txiav txim siab tshaj qhov muaj feem raug kev tawm tsam dua lwm tus. Tsoom fwv qhia tawm tsam mus rau Sidi Bou Zid, lub suab puam sab qab teb ntawm Remada, thaj tsam ntawm Algerian ciam teb thiab cov roob siab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb (suav Chaambi Roob National Park). Taug kev tsis pub dhau 30 kis ntawm Libyan ciam teb tseem tsis pom zoo.
Uganda
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim muab tawm vim raug tub sab. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov chaw hauv Uganda raug xam tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, muaj kev phem ntau heev ntawm kev ua phem (xws li ua tub sab, muaj neeg ua phem thiab muaj kev sib deev) hauv lub nroog cov nroog loj. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tau txais kev pabcuam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv Kampala thiab Entebbe. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos tsis muaj cov kev pab cuam los teb cov lus zoo thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Zimbabwe
Theem 2 tawm tswv yim ncig xyuas teb chaws vim muaj kev ua phem thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Kev lag luam tsis muaj zog, kev txom nyem nyuaj thiab cov teebmeem ntawm kev qhuav dejnum tsis ntev los no tau ua rau cov pejxeem tsis sib haum, uas tuaj yeem tuaj qhia nws tus kheej los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Kev ua txhaum kev ua txhaum yog ib qho thiab feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw uas neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi los ntawm cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj. Cov qhua tuaj yeem raug qhia kom tsis txhob tuaj yeem tshwm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev nplua nuj.