Qhov tseeb ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm ib daim duab tiav hauv 28 yam khoom sib txawv
Yog tias koj txawm yog ib tus kiv cua ntawm Impressionist, koj tuaj yeem pom Edgar Degas qhov "Little Dancer of Fourteen Years" (1881) hauv Metropolitan Museum of Art .
Thiab Musee d'Orsay. Thiab lub Museum ntawm Fine Arts, Boston. Muaj ib qho nyob hauv National Gallery ntawm Art hauv Washington DC, thiab hauv Tate Modern thiab ntau, ntau lwm tus. Tag nrho ua ke, muaj 28 versions ntawm "Little Dancer" hauv cov tsev khaws ntaub ntawv thiab cov thoob ntiaj teb.
Yog li ntawd, yog tias cov tuam tsev yeej pom cov duab qub (thiab feem ntau tsis muaj nuj nqis) cov duab kos, qhov no yuav ua li cas? Qhov twg yog qhov tiag? Tiag, w hy muaj ntau ntau "Me Dancers"? Zaj dab neeg muaj tus kws ua yeeb yam, ib tug qauv, ib pawg neeg npau taws tiag tiag thiab ib qho tooj liab.
Cia peb pib thaum pib. Thaum Edgar Degas tau xav ua qhov kev ntaus kis las nyob hauv Paris Opera, nws tau pom tias muaj teeb meem vim tias cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam los ntawm cov hoob kawm qis dua. Cov no yog cov poj niam uas nyiam nrog tawm ntawm lawv lub cev ncaws pob hauv daim ntawv-haum rau khaub ncaws. Ntxiv mus, lawv tau ua hauj lwm thaum tsaus ntuj thiab feem ntau lawv tus kheej txhawb nqa. Thaum lub sijhawm hnub no peb xav tias tus neeg muaj lub siab nyiam los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov neeg muaj tebchaws, Degas yog qhov teeb meem rau kev teeb tsa rau cov poj niam uas Victorian lub zej zog xav ua txhaum txoj kev coj dawb huv thiab kev ncaj ncees.
Degas pib nws txoj hauj lwm ua tus neeg pleev kob keeb kwm thiab yeej tsis tau txais lub sij hawm "Impressionist" raws li nws kuj xav txog nws tus kheej ua ib tug Realist.
Txawm tias Degas tau ua haujlwm nrog cov Impressionist artists xws li Monet thiab Renoir, Degas tau nyiam tshaj plaws hauv nroog, teeb pom kev, thiab kos duab thiab tha xim uas ua los ntawm nws tus qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Nws xav tso saib txhua txhua hnub thiab lub cim cev ntawm lub cev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg ua dlejnum seev cev, nws tau tuav cov kab tuav ntaub ntawv, brothels thiab tua neeg tua tsiaj, tsis zoo nkauj choj thiab dej lilies.
Kab tias ntau tshaj ib qho ntawm nws lwm cov hauj lwm depicting dancers, no duab puab yog ib qho kev xav ntawm lub paj hlwb. Thaum xub thawj zoo nkauj, nws yuav ua rau me ntsis tsis pom kev ntev dua ib tus ntsia ntawm nws.
Thaum lig 1870, Degas pib qhia nws tus kheej duab tom qab ib txoj hauj lwm ntev ua hauj lwm xim thiab pastels. Nyob rau hauv kev, Degas ua hauj lwm qeeb thiab txhob txwm tshaj tawm ntawm ib qho khoom plig ntawm ib tus tub ntxhais ntaus kis las uas siv tus qauv uas nws tau ntsib ntawm Paris Opera's tus tub kawm ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Tus qauv yog Marie Genevieve von Goethem, tus menyuam kawm Belgian uas tau koom nrog lub Lag Luam Paris Opera tus tub ua lag luam raws li ib txoj kev tawm ntawm kev txom nyem. Nws niam ua hauj lwm hauv khaub ncaws thiab nws tus niam laus yog niam ntiav. (Marie tus viv ncaus tseem tau kawm nrog tus neeg ntaus pob ncaws pob.) Nws ua ntej rau Degas thaum nws yog 11, ces dua thaum nws muaj 14, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub liab thiab hauv nws cov khaub ncaws ua ballet. Degas txhim tsa cov duab puab tawm ntawm cov xim daj thiab cov qauv av nplaum.
Marie yog xwm raws li nws yuav yog; ib tug ntxhais los ntawm cov kev kawm poorer kawm ua ib ballerina. Nws sawv hauv plaub txoj hauj lwm, tiam sis tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Nws yog li Degas captures nws nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm xyaum tsis tau ua rau theem. Lub tights ntawm nws ob txhais ceg yog lumpy thiab pilled thiab nws lub ntsej muag thawb rau pem hauv ntej nrog ib qho kev qhia luv nqi uas qhia peb tias nws tab tom sim tuav nws qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg seev cev.
Nws yog brimming nrog forced cog qoob loo thiab txiav txim siab gritty. Qhov kawg ua hauj lwm yog ib qho txawv pastiche ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws txawm hnav ris tsho nrog ib tug khub muag khau, ib daim tiag tiag thiab tib neeg cov plaub hau sib xyaw rau hauv lub ciab thiab khi rov qab nrog ib rab hneev.
Tus Petite Danseuse de Quatorze Ans, raws li nws tau hu ua thaum nws tau ua ntej pom nyob rau hauv Paris ntawm lub Sixth Impressionist Exhibition nyob rau hauv 1881, tam sim ntawd los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhuas thiab disdain. Kos duab txog Paul de Charry qhuas nws rau "qhov txawv tshaj plaw" thiab tau pom tias nws yog ib tug neeg zoo tshaj plaws. Lwm tus xav tias kos duab cov keeb kwm ntawm cov duab hauv Mev Gothic kos duab los yog cov neeg Egyptian ua haujlwm thaum ub, ob qho tib si ntawm cov tib neeg siv cov plaub hau tib neeg thiab textiles. Lwm tus cawv tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm lub xyoo Degas siv nyob rau hauv Naples, Ltalis mus xyuas nws tus phauj uas tau sib yuav Gaetano Bellelli, ib qho Italian baron.
Muaj, Degas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm Madonna uas muaj tib neeg cov plaub hau, daim ntaub hnav khaub ncaws, tab sis uas ib txwm ntsia zoo li cov poj niam cov poj niam los ntawm Italian countryside. Tom qab ntawd nws tau surmised tias tej zaum Degas yog winking nyob rau Paris zej zog thiab cov duab puab yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm lawv cov saib ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm.
Cov neeg xyuas tsis zoo tsis zoo siab thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov tsim nyog tau. Louis Enault hu ua cov duab "tsuas yog qias neeg," thiab ntxiv, "Tsis muaj kev khaum kev hluas thaum tiav hluas nkauj tau ua phem dua." Ib tug British critic criticized li cas tsawg daim duab muaj sunk. Lwm yam kev thuam (ntawm uas 30 tau muab sib dhos) piv nrog cov "Little Dancer" rau Madame Tussaud ib yam dab tsi, ib tug hnav khaub ncaws thiab ib tug "semi-idiot"
Tus "Little Dancer's Face" tau raug tshwj xeeb rau kev tsuj roj. Nws tau piav raws li saib zoo li ib tug liab thiab muaj "ib lub ntsej muag uas cim los ntawm kev siab phem cog lus ntawm txhua tus vice." Thaum lub sij hawm Victorian era txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm phrenology, tom qab ntawd ib tug nrov heev thiab dav txais scientific kev tshawb fawb purported kom predict ncaj ncees ua cim thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws raws li cranium loj. Txoj kev ntseeg no tau coj ntau yam ntseeg hais tias Degas tau muab qhov "Little Dancer" rau lub qhov ntswg, lub qhov ncauj thiab nws lub hauv pliaj kom qhia tias nws yog ib tug neeg txhaum. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub exhibition tau pastel kos duab los ntawm Degas uas depicted murderers uas bolstered lawv cov kev tshawb xav.
Degas twb ua tsis xws li daim ntawv qhia. Raws li nws muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntawm nws kos duab thiab paintings ntawm dancers, nws yog txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub zog tiag tiag lub cev uas nws yeej tsis sim rau idealize. Nws siv lub nplhaib thiab nplua nuj ntawm cov xim, tab sis nws tsis tau nrhiav kom paub qhov tseeb ntawm nws lub cev lub cev los yog cov cim. Thaum xaus ntawm lub rooj nthuav dav ntawm Paris, lub "Me Tuag Dance" tau mus tsis tau thiab rov qab mus rau tus kws kos duab lub tsev kawm ntawv uas nws nyob ntawm 150 lwm yam kev tshawb fawb txog thaum nws tuag.
Raws li Marie, txhua yam uas paub txog nws yog tias nws tau raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm Opera kom lig dhau rau kev qhuab qhia thiab tom qab ntawd tsis muaj keeb kwm mus tas li.
Yog li cas qhov "Tus Me Nyuam Ua Taus Loj Txog Plaub Taug Xyoo" xaus li ntawm 28 txawv lub vaj tsev?
Thaum Degas tuag nyob rau hauv 1917, muaj ntau tshaj 150 sculptures nyob rau hauv siv quav ciab thiab av nplaum pom nyob rau hauv nws studio. Degas cov qub txeeg qub teg tau tso cai tias cov ntawv luam yuav raug muab pov rau hauv lub bronze kom thiaj li ua kom cov haujlwm tsis zoo los xij thiab kom lawv muag tau ua tiav cov khoom. Txoj kev ua tus casting yog nruj tswj thiab ncaav tau los ntawm ib qho txawv hlau bronze distinguished. Peb lub luam ntawm "Me Tawv Dance" tau ua nyob rau hauv xyoo 1922. Raws li Degas qhov kev coj dawb huv loj hlob thiab Impressionism tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cov bronzes uas tau muab lo lus qhwv tau txais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb mus ncig.
Qhov "Little Dancers" nyob qhov twg thiab kuv tuaj yeem pom lawv li cas?
Thawj daim duab duab kos duab nyob rau hauv National Gallery ntawm Art hauv Washington DC Thaum lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb nthuav txog "Me Tawv Dance" rau xyoo 2014, cov suab paj nruag uas tau muab tso rau hauv Kennedy Center tau ua tus qauv ua ib qho kev sib tw ua ke nrog tus kheej mysterious lub neej.
Cov kev pov thaiv lub bronze uas nyob hauv cov tsev khaws khoom thiab tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov pej xeem muaj nyob ntawm:
Baltimore MD, Baltimore Museum of Art
Boston MA, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts, Boston
Copenhagen, Denmark, Glyptoteket
Chicago IL, Chicago lub koom haum ntawm Art
London UK, Hay Hill Gallery
London UK, Tate niaj hnub
New York NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art (No Tus Me Ua Lom Zem Me Ntsig yog los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov pobtawb tooj loj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm.)
Norwich UK, Sainsbury Center rau Visual Arts
Omaha NB, Joslyn Art Museum (Ib qho ntawm cov jewels ntawm tus sau)
Paris Fabkis, Musée d'Orsay (Dhau ntawm The Met, cov tsev khaws khoom pov thawj no muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Degas ua haujlwm uas pab lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Little Dancer."
Pasadena CA, Norton Simon Museum
Philadelphia PA, Philadelphia Museum ntawm Art
Louis MO, Saint Louis Art Museum
Williamstown MA, Lub Sterling thiab Francine Clark Art Institute
Kuaj bronzes yog cov khoom ntiag tug. Nyob rau hauv 2011, ib tug ntawm lawv twb muab rau auction ntawm Christie thiab yuav tsum tau nqa ntawm $ 25-35 lab. Nws tsis tau txais ib qhov kev sib tw nkaus xwb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab ntawm "Me Tawv Dance" uas tseem pheej sib tham txog seb nws tau tiav los ntawm Degas los tsis. Yog tias ib qho chaw mus rau Degas tau txais ntau dua, peb kuj muaj lwm tus Taws Dancer npaj kom nkag mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj.