Ib Ghastly Nco Txog Xyoo 1970s Khmer Rouge Misrule
Ceev faj qhov kev ntaus sab nrauv rau ib qho tswv yim. Nws yog lub ntsiab lus nyob hauv keeb kwm, tiam sis peb zoo li ib hom kev zoo li rov qab mus rau nws dua li ntawm Hitler, Stalin, Kaub Ntoo ... thiab lwm tus tsis txaus ntseeg tos hauv tis.
Lub sijhawm ntawm ib lub sijhawm yav tsaus ntuj, nws tau mus saib Phnom Penh Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum thiab nws txoj kev ntseeg siab tias "Cambodia" ("Kampuchea") yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si. lub Choeung Ek Killing Teb .
"Cambodia muaj keeb kwm tsis ntev los no txog kev ua phem, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm xyoo 1975-1979 thiab tseem niaj hnub tseem muaj ntau yam hauv lub tebchaws," Jennifer Ryder Joslin, yog ib lub chaw ntiav raws li Phnom Penh thiab co-author (nrog tus khub Stevo) ntawm lub tebchaws mus ncig teb chaws Ob Kab Tawm. "Lub Tuol Sleng Genocide Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Phnom Penh yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tuaj xyuas kom muaj kev nkag siab tob dua txog cov neeg Cambodian cov neeg tau dhau los."
Rau qhov tsaus ntuj nti: Tuol Sleng yog ib qho chaw tsis tuaj yeem tswm tourism hauv Easteast Asia, tab sis nws tsis yog tib tug xwb. Nyeem txog lwm qhov chaw ncig teb chaws tsaus nti hauv cheeb tsam .
Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, tom qab ntawd, Torture Camp, ces Genocide Memorial
Tuol Sleng yog ib tug Khmer Rouge raug kaw thiab raug tsim txom mus pw hav zoov. Hnub no nws yog lub tsev cia puav pheej, kev ceeb toom ntawm cov hnub tsaus ntuj ntawm tsoom fwv Khmer Rouge.
Nws yog ib zaug Tuol Svay Prey High School , ua ntej lub tsev sib txuas lus tau ua tiav rau lawv lub luag haujlwm tshiab nyob rau xyoo 1975. Lub koom txoos tau txais Lub Tuam Txhab Muab Kev Ruaj Ntseg 21 (S-21), lub xov tooj xauv tau ntxiv rau lub voj voog, thiab lub qhov rais muaj zog nrog cov hlau tuav.
Plaub lub tsev loj tshaj plaws rau Tuol Sleng sawv ntsug ntawm ob peb lub tshav puam uas yog lub tsev kawm ntawv cov chaw ua si ua ntej nws muaj kev sib luag.
Lub Tsev A yog lub chaw tsim txom loj hauv Tuol Sleng; Khmer Rouge ua lawv txoj hauj lwm ntawm no mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lub sij hawm, tua cov neeg raug kev dhau los ua ntej ntawm Nyab Laj Kev Nyab Xeeb thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj 1979.
Qhov 14 tus neeg raug mob tau raug muab faus rau hauv ib daim ntawv tawm sab nraud hauv Tsev A; koj yuav tuaj hla lub tojntxas no ua ntej nkag mus.
Lub tsev B muaj txuam rau cov neeg raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj, thiab tam sim no cov tsev khaws khoom yees duab ntawm cov neeg raug kaw uas tau yees duab thaum lawv tau mus rau hauv lub tsev. Khmer Rouge khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg raug kaw; lawv cov duab uas tsis tau hnov tuaj yeem pom ntawm no, thiab lawv lub qhov muag tu siab ntawm koj li yog hais tias koj yuav ua rau koj nyob.
Tsev C tau txais kev pabcuam Tuol Sleng lub tsev loj cuj. Hauv pem teb hauv qab tsev muaj lub hlwb tsawg tshaj plaws, txhua tus tuav ib tus neeg raug kaw hauv lub plhaub. Cov poj niam raug kaw rau hauv pem teb ob. Hauv pem teb thib peb tau loj hauv tsev loj cuj, tuav cov pawg loj sib txuas rau cov hlau ntev ntev.
Ib ncig ntawm lub tsev no yog qhov "gallows" nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam, uas siv los ntawm Khmer Rouge tus neeg tsim txom los ua kom muaj kev tsim txom cov dej ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom.
Lub tsev D cov tsev nyob Cambodian tus tub Vann Nath cov duab thuam, tsim los ntawm kev siv thawj zaug ntawm lub neej (raws li nws tau) hauv Tuol Sleng. Vann Nath yog ib qho ntawm cov puv ntawm Tuol Sleng survivors, leej twg tau khaws cia rau lawv cov "pab tau". Nyeem nws phau ntawv sau txog ntawm qhov chaw nco txog nws lub npe.
Cov Horrors ntawm Tuol Sleng
"Tuol Sleng yog lub siab ntsws ntsig saib lub neej zoo li lab tus neeg ntawm Cambodians ntsib hauv tsoomfwv Khmer Rouge," piav qhia txog Jennifer Ryder Joslin. "Nws yog ib qho txaus ntshai los saib dab tsi tib neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau rau ib leeg dhau ntawm hom phiaj, tseem ceeb tseem ceeb kom pom tias keeb kwm yuav tsis nco qab tsis rov qab los."
Suffice hais, ib tav su tom Tuol Sleng yuav cia koj xis nyob, heev, hnyav xwb.
Cov ntse ntse heev ntawm Khmer Rouge nteg hauv lawv cov xim rau kev nthuav dav. Cov neeg raug kaw raug yees duab thiab nug lawv cov lus qhia txog lawv lub neej ua ntej muab chained rau lawv lub hlwb. Qhov no tsis pom neeg tsis txaus sau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug nthuav mus rau tus neeg tuaj saib, chav tsev tom qab tag nrho cov duab ntawm cov txiv neej, cov poj niam, thiab cov menyuam yaus, pom ntawm 20,000 tus neeg raug txim uas tau nkag rau Tuol Sleng.
Tuol Sleng tus neeg raug ntau
Cov neeg nyob hauv nkuaj tau thuam Cambodian, tab sis lub nkuaj tau pom nws cov neeg Amelikas, British, thiab Australians. Lub tswv yim ntawm Khmer Rouge txhais tau hais tias muaj leej twg nrog kev kawm, tsis muaj leej twg uas tsis los ntawm ib ncig ntawd, txawm muaj leej twg hnav tsom iav raug txhom, thiab ua tau (thiab ntau zaus) tau qw lawv lub neej tawm hauv Tuol Sleng.
Koj tseem yuav pom ib lub cev tsim txom chamber, sab laug yuav luag tib yam li cov neeg Nyablaj uas tau pom los ntawm Khmer Rouge tawm xyoo 1979. Cov khoom siv raug tsim txom kuj muaj tuaj, nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev siv li cas.
Qhov kawg ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog nyob ze - cov neeg pob txha taub hau S-21 tus neeg tsis muaj hmoo. (Tuol Sleng qhov kev tuaj yeem tshaj plaws, ib daim duab "taub hau me me" ntawm Cambodia hauv 300-pob skulls, tau muab rhuav tshem hauv xyoo 2002.)
Choeung Ek: lub teb tua tsiaj
Kev mus rau "tua teb" sab nraum Phnom Penh ua tiav cov duab thaib. Choeung Ek feem ntau ua ke nrog Tuol Sleng hauv ntau txoj kev noj qab haus huv - koj tuaj yeem mus xyuas ob qho chaw uas tsis pom qhov sib txawv, tab sis nws tsis xav tias yuav tsum tawm mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj ntau lub Tuol Sleng cov neeg raug kaw hauv lawv cov sijhawm dhau los.
Cov "Killing Fields" yog lub chaw pov tseg rau Khmer Rouge lub plhom los yog cov uas tsis tsim nyog. Choeung Ek yog lo lus kawg zaum kawg rau feem coob ntawm Tuol Sleng inmates; txog 9,000 lub cev tseem pw hauv mass graves li Choeung Ek.
Ib tug Buddhist stupa tam sim no looms saum Choeung Ek, nws cov acrylic-walled puag los ntawm txog 5,000 tib neeg skulls, qhov seem ntawm inmates uas raug tua ntawm no. Ntau tus pob txha taub dais cov cim ntawm tua tshuab - kom txuag tau ntawm qhov cia, kev siv ntawm Choeung Ek siv pickaxes los yog lub laub qij kom ua lawv cov neeg raug.
Lub tswv yim rau Cov Neeg Tuol Sleng
Mus rau Tuol Sleng. S-21 yog nyob rau hauv Tuol Svay Prey sub-koog tsev, txog kaum ib mais ntawm sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog Phnom Penh. (Qhov chaw hauv Google Maps)
"Tuol Sleng yog qhov ua tau yooj yim tuaj ntawm tuk tuk lossis motorbike," Ryder Joslin qhia rau peb. "Muaj cov npav neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi mus rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej, tabsis cov no tsis tsim nyog thiab tsis pom zoo thaum koj tuaj yeem mus koj tus kheej thiab ntiav ib daim ntawv qhia rau ntawm qhov chaw yog tias koj xav tau." ( Nyeem txog tuk-tuks hauv Cambodia .
Thaum twg mus. Xav txog Cambodia cov huab cua sov tau thaum npaj mus rau Tuol Sleng. "Mus thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tav su kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub vim tsis muaj cua txias nyob rau ntawd," nws hais tias Ryder Joslin.
Cov kev taw qhia ntawm Tuol Sleng yog nyob ntawm koj xaiv, tab sis rau kuv lub siab, kom tsim nyog. Tuol Sleng yuav luag tsis paub meej, thiab koj yuav xav tau ib tug neeg los tso tag nrho cov kev tuag thiab mob hauv cov ntsiab lus teb. Ntawm cov nqi ntawm tus nqi $ 6 ntxiv rau saum $ 2 tus nqi nkag rau Tuol Sleng. (Nyeem txog nyiaj hauv Cambodia.)
Nqa nws qeeb. "Coj koj lub sijhawm thaum koj mus txog ntawm lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv kom hnov thiab quaj ntsuag thiab quaj ntsuag, txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua," nws hais tias Ryder Joslin. "Nws yog ib qho mob siab heev, tab sis ib qho koj yuav zoo siab rau koj tau zoo dua kom nkag siab txog Cambodia thiab yam neeg thiab lawv tsev neeg tau dhau los."
Peb tshuav ntau tus ua tsaug rau Jennifer Ryder Joslin rau nws qhov kev tsim txiaj. Ua rau kuv muaj zog thiab mus xyuas nws mus ncig teb chaws Lub Nkoj Mus Ncaj Ncees, los sis mus saib qhov blog's Facebook page.