Lub Tsev Khw Tshaj Lij , ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Washington DC, cov hnub rov tuaj rau lub tsev lag luam thaum ntxov ntawm Lub Nroog ntawm Washington ua lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub tebchaws United States. Cov pej xeem qhov chaw uas niaj hnub no hu ua Mall tau nce mus nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws. Nram qab no yog lus luv luv ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm National Mall.
L'Enfant Plan thiab National Mall
Nyob rau hauv 1791, Thawj Tswj Hwm George Washington tau xaiv Pierre Charles L'Enfant, tus kws kos duab Fab Kis thiab Fab Tsav Xwm Fab Kev Txom Ncaws hauv Fab Kis, kom tsim cov kaum-mais ntawm thaj chaw ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws li lub teb chaws lub peev (lub District of Columbia).
Lub nroog txoj kev tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub voj voog khiav qaum teb-sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob nrog txoj kab dav dav "grand avensions" hla kab sib chaws thiab voj voog thiab plazas cia qhib chaw rau monuments thiab memorials. L'Enfant tau pom tias muaj "grand avenue" ntev li ntawm 1 mais nyob ntev ntawm Capitol Building thiab ib qho kev cai vaj tsev ntawm George Washington kom raug muab tso rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Tsev Dawb (qhov chaw Washington Monument tam sim no).
McMillan Plan ntawm 1901-1902
Nyob rau xyoo 1901, Senator James McMillan ntawm Michigan tau teeb tsa ib pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg tsim kev kos npe, kos duab kos duab, kos duab, thiab kos duab kom tsim tau ib lub tswv yim tshiab rau lub khw. Lub McMillan Plan tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub nroog txoj kev npaj los ntawm L'Enfant thiab tsim lub khw hauv lub Tebchaws uas peb paub niaj hnub no. Lub tswv yim hu ua rov tsim kom muaj vaj tse Capitol Grounds, nthuav mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb mus ua West thiab East Potomac Park, xaiv qhov chaw rau Lincoln Memorial thiab Jefferson Memorial thiab hloov lub nroog cov chaw nres tsheb (Lub Tsev Haujlwm Chaw Ua Haujlwm ), tsim lub koomhaum hauv nroog nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab tsim los ntawm Pennsylvania Avenue, 15th Street, thiab National Mall (Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Daim duab peb sab).
Lub khw hauv lub teb chaws 20th Century
Lub sijhawm thaum 1900s, Lub Khw Tshav Tawm Los ua peb lub teb chaws qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua koob tsheej, kev sib sau ua ke, kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib tw. Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim muaj 1963 lub Peb Hlis Ntuj nyob rau Washington, xyoo 1995 Tsheej Sis Neeg Tawg Tsam March 2007, Iraq War Protest, txhua xyoo Rolling Thunder, Thawj Tswj Kev Xaiv Tsa thiab ntau ntxiv.
Thoob plaws lub xyoo dhau los, Smithsonian Institution tau tsim cov tsev khaws ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb (10 ntawm tag nrho hnub no) nyob hauv National Mall muab cov pej xeem siv cov khoom siv los ntawm kab thiab meteorites rau cov kev lag luam thiab kos duab. Lub teb chaws memorials tau ua thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua rau honour iconic nuj nqis uas pab shape peb lub teb chaws.
National Mall Niaj hnub no
Ntau tshaj 25 lab tus neeg tuaj ncig xyuas lub Tebchaws Thoob Plaws txhua lub xyoo thiab yuav tsum tau npaj kom muaj lub peev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws lub peev. Hauv xyoo 2010, lub npav tshiab lub Hom Phiaj tau raug lees paub los txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov chaw thiab cov vaj tse hauv National Mall thiaj li tseem tuaj yeem pab ua ib theem rau pej xeem kev ua ub no rau tiam tom ntej. Lub Koom Haum Rau Lub Tebchaws Thoob Ntiaj Teb yog tsim los txhawb cov pej xeem hauv kev tsim kom muaj kev pab cuam rau cov neeg Amelikas thiab pab txhawb National Park Service.
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab Hnub
- Kev tsim kho ntawm Capitol Building pib xyoo 1793.
- Lub Smithsonian Institution tau tsim los ntawm Congress nyob hauv 1847.
- Kev tsim kho ntawm Washington Monument pib xyoo 1848, tab sis tsis ua tiav txog 1884.
- Union Chaw Haujlwm tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1907 ua ib feem ntawm McMillan Plan, tso cai rau kev tshem tawm tsheb ciav hlau ntawm lub khw thiab tshem tawm qhov kev xav tau rau Baltimore & Ohio Railroad dav hlau uas nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm National Gallery of Art.
- Cherry ntoo uas tau muab rau lub teb chaws los ntawm Nyij Pooj tau cog ib ncig ntawm lub Tidal Phiab hauv 1912.
- Lub Lincoln Memorial tau muab siab hlo rau xyoo 1922.
- Thomas Jefferson memorial twb tiav xyoo 1939
Cov Koom Haum nrog Txoj Cai rau Lub Chaw Ua Lag Luam
- Advisory Council ntawm Tiv Thaiv Teeb Meem (ACHP) - Tsoomfwv lub koomhaum pab tawm tswvyim rau Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab Congress ntawm lub teb chaws txoj cai ceev tseg.
- Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) - Lub khoos kas, tsim nyob rau hauv 1910, tawm tswv yim txog kev tsim thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov qauv tsim los tiv thaiv lub meej mom ntawm lub teb chaws lub peev.
- Tsoomfwv Lub Tebchaws Npaj Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm (NCPC) - Tsoomfwv nomtswv lub homphiaj npaj, tau tsim tawm rau xyoo 1924, tawm tswvyim txog cov haujlwm uas cuam tshuam rau lub tebchaw peev thiab thaj chaw nyob.
- National Park Service / National Capital Region (NPS / NCR) Washington Metropolitan Region) Raws li ib lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Sab Nraud, National Park Service yuav saib xyuas thiab muab cov kev pabcuam rau Tebchaws Asmeskas cov chaw ua si.